桐油涂覆对多聚磷酸铵改性杉木阻燃性能与抗流失性的影响  

Effect of Tung Oil Coating on Flame Retardants and Leaching Resistance of Chinese fir Modified by Ammonium Polyphosphate

作　　者：范友华 康地[1,2] 李志高 周向东 袁利萍[4] FAN You-hua;KANG Di;LI Zhi-gao;ZHOU Xiang-dong;YUAN Li-ping(State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Hunan Academy of Forestry,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Hunan Minxin New Materials Co.,Ltd.,Yongzhou 425700,Hunan,China;College of Materials Science and Engineering,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]省部共建木本油料资源利用国家重点实验室,湖南长沙410004 [2]湖南省林业科学院,湖南长沙410004 [3]湖南闽新新材料有限公司,湖南永州425700 [4]中南林业科技大学材料科学与工程学院,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2024年第1期215-222,共8页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：长沙市自然科学基金(kq2208100);中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目([2022]XT02);湖南创新型省份建设专项(2021NK4155)。

摘　　要：为提高杉木的阻燃性,探讨多聚磷酸铵处理木材对其燃烧性能和抗流失性的影响,获得阻燃处理对杉木性能的影响规律。选取杉木为研究对象,以多聚磷酸铵为阻燃剂,通过满细胞法对杉木进行阻燃处理,再在杉木样品表面涂覆桐油,分别对未处理材和阻燃处理材的形貌、热解行为、阻燃性能及阻燃剂的抗流失性进行测试。结果表明,杉木试件的极限氧指数为20.2%,经质量分数为5%的多聚磷酸铵处理后的杉木极限氧指数为34.5%,燃烧性能分级达到B1级要求。涂覆桐油对木材的阻燃性能具有一定的负面影响,其极限氧指数下降到29.3%,燃烧性能分级为B2级。锥形量热仪(CONE)结果表明,较之素材,阻燃样品整个测试过程处于阴燃状态,HRR曲线为一直线,且PHRR下降了85.36%,THR和SPR与HRR具有相似的变化规律,TSP也显著降低。TG-DSC结果表明,涂覆桐油的阻燃处理样品在800℃的失重率仅为素材的74.18%,残炭量由15.75%上升到37.95%。涂覆桐油可提高APP的抗流失性,但对木材的力学性能未产生明显改良。研究结果表明,阻燃处理木材对延缓其在火灾中燃烧行为具有重要意义,并为实现理论指导综合性功能改良、木材生产应用提供重要的理论依据和参考。In order to improve the flame retardancy of Cunninghamia lanceolata(Chinese fir)wood,the effects of Tung oil(Vernicia fordii seed oil)coating on combustion property and resistance leachability of the woods modified by ammonium polyphosphate were examined to obtain the rule of the effect of flame retardancy treatment on the wood properties.Wood samples of Chinese fir were modified by flame retardant ammonium polyphosphate(APP)by full cell method and coated with Tung oil.The morphology characterization,pyrolytic behavior,combustion performance,and leaching resistance of the treated and untreated samples were analyzed,respectively.The results showed that the limiting oxygen index(LOI)of untreated Chinese fir wood was 20.2%,and the LOI of the wood treated with 5 wt%ammonium polyphos phate increased to 34.5%,and the flammability classification met the national requirement B1.Tung oil coating had a negative effect on the flame retardancy of wood,its limiting oxygen index decreased to 29.3%,and the flammability classification met the requirement B2.The cone calorimeter(CONE)results showed that the flame retardant samples were smoldering in the whole test process,the HRR curve was a straight line,and the peak heat release rate(PHRR)decreased by 85.36%compared with the wood without the flame retardant treatment.Also,the total heat release(THR)and smoke density rating(SPR)had similar changes with heat release rating(HRR),and the total smoke production(TSP)also decreased significantly.The thermal gravimetric analysis(TG-DSC)results showed that the weight loss rate of the flame retardant treated sample coated with Tung oil at 800oC was only 74.18%of the wood without the flame retardant treatment,and the carbon residue increased from 15.75%to 37.95%.Tung oil coating can improve the resistance leachability of APP,but there is no significant improvement in the mechanical properties of wood.The results indicate that flame retardant treatment of wood is of great significance to delay the combustion behavior of wood in fire,and pr

关 键 词：多聚磷酸铵 桐油 杉木 阻燃性能 抗流失性 

分 类 号：S782.39[农业科学—木材科学与技术]