“简单化”的灾难:菲利普·罗斯《复仇女神》的悲剧伦理解读  

The Disaster of“Simplification”:Ethics of Tragedy in Nemesis by Philip Roth

作　　者：陈丽羽 

机构地区：[1]南京大学外国语学院

出　　处：《外国语文研究（辑刊）》2023年第2期317-326,共10页

摘　　要：菲利普·罗斯的封笔之作《复仇女神》以深沉而神秘的笔触书写了瘟疫带给人的悲剧宿命。小说中,瘟疫灾害成为“外在偶然性”的象征,不仅带来混乱与失序,而且将人与不可捉摸的“运气”联系起来。本文从努斯鲍姆伦理批评的视角出发,将本书解读为一部伦理悲剧,探究小说如何塑造了瘟疫中充满冲突的复杂伦理情境,以及主人公巴基如何在将自身的价值承诺结构“简单化”的行动——具体表现为不合理的自我归罪和情感压抑——中走向悲剧性堕落。罗斯通过描画漠视“运气”的“自足”伦理观和对“道德完美”的热衷酿成的悲剧引导读者关注灾难中人所面临的“悲剧冲突”,以及人的局限性与依赖性,反思了具有单一价值特征的“个人英雄主义”,彰显了其作为严肃作家的人文主义思想特征。Philip Roth,in his last work Nemesis,portrays with a profound and mysterious stroke the tragic fate that befalls the epidemic victims.In the novel,the epidemic disaster,as a symbol of“external contingency”,not only brings turmoil and disorder,but also connects human beings with the unpredictable“luck.”Delving into the novel from the perspective of Martha Nussbaum s ethical criticism,this essay interprets it as an ethic tragedy,and investigates how the novel portrays the complicated ethical situations full of conflicts in the epidemic,and how the protagonist Bucky Cantor is led to a tragic fall in his action of“simplifying”diverse values,more specifically,his unreasonable self-imputation and repression of emotions.By delineating the tragedy induced by the ethical perception of“self-sufficiency”which neglects“luck”and the passion for moral perfection,Roth reminds his readers of the“tragic conflict”people may encounter in disasters and the limitation and dependence shared by human beings,so as to reflect on the“individual heroism”which worships a single value,displaying his ideas of humanism as a serious writer.

关 键 词：《复仇女神》 菲利普·罗斯 伦理 简单化 悲剧冲突 运气 

分 类 号：I712.074[文学—其他各国文学]