缓释肥对鲜食玉米养分吸收利用及产量的影响  

Effects of slow release fertilizer on nutrient absorption,utilization and yield of fresh corn

作　　者：徐莉莉[1] 李丹[2] 王慧[3] 王站付 陆雪珍[1] XU Lili;LI Dan;WANG Hui;WANG Zhanfu;LU Xuezhen(Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Shanghai 201103,China;Shanghai Fengxian District Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Shanghai 201408,China;Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业技术推广服务中心,上海201103 [2]上海市奉贤区农业技术推广中心,上海201408 [3]上海市农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所,上海201403

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2023年第6期21-25,共5页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：上海市鲜食玉米产业技术体系建设[沪农科产字(2017)第10号]。

摘　　要：为研制适合上海地区鲜食玉米生长发育特点以及栽培习惯的缓控释肥,比较了不同施肥处理对上海地区鲜食玉米主栽品种‘中糯2号’植株干物质积累量、氮素的吸收量、氮肥的利用效率、产量及其构成因素以及经济效益的影响。结果表明:施用缓释肥料均能显著改善玉米秃尖现象,增加穗长、穗粗、穗粒数、单穗重等,提高产量和果穗商品性。其中以N-P-K为26-6-10,缓释氮占50%,用量为900 kg∕hm^(2)的处理效果最佳,与常规施肥相比,其干物质量增加16.16%,吸氮量增加16.95%,产量增加13.74%,穗长、穗粗、穗粒数分别增加15.86%、2.62%和10.27%。添加50%缓效氮的缓释肥不仅可减少2次后期追肥,还能显著提高鲜食玉米植株干物质量积累量、氮肥利用率、产量、经济效益等。In order to develop the slow∕controlled release fertilizer suitable for the growth and development characteristics and cultivation habits of fresh corn in Shanghai,the effects of different fertilization treatments on dry matter accumulation,nitrogen absorption,nitrogen using efficiency,yield and its components and economic benefits of‘Zhongnuo No.2’,the main fresh corn variety in Shanghai were studied.The results showed that the application of slow-release fertilizer could significantly improve the bald tip phenomenon of maize,increased ear length,ear width,number of grains per ear,weight per ear,yield and commodity of ear,etc.Among them,the treatment effect was the best when N-P-K was 26-6-10,slow-release nitrogen accounted for 50%,and the dosage was 900 kg∕hm2.Compared with conventional fertilization,it increased dry matter mass by 16.16%,nitrogen uptake by 16.95%,yield by 13.74%.Ear length,ear width and grain number per ear were increased by 15.86%,2.62%and 10.27%respectively.In conclusion,adding slow-release fertilizer with 50%slow-release nitrogen could better meet the nitrogen demand of maize in each growth period,increase the dry matter accumulation and nitrogen absorption,and significantly improve the dry matter accumulation,nitrogen use efficiency,yield,economic benefits and other indicators of fresh corn.It could also reduce two late dressing and meet the nutrient demand for nitrogen in the whole growth period of maize.

关 键 词：缓释肥 鲜食玉米 养分 缓效氮 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]