不同地膜覆盖对土壤温度、杂草控制和甜玉米生长的影响  

Effects of different plastic film mulching on soil temperature,weed control and growth of sweet maize

作　　者：潘春丹[1] 陆晓莉[1] 顾雪梅 谭禾平[3] PAN Chundan;LU Xiaoli;GU Xuemei;TAN Heping(Shanghai Pudong New Area Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Shanghai 201201,China;Shanghai Pudong New Area Shuyuan Town Economic Development Service Center,Shanghai 201305,China;Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops,Zhejiang Academy of Agicultural Sciences,Jinhua 322100,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市浦东新区农业技术推广中心,上海201201 [2]上海市浦东新区书院镇经济发展服务中心,上海201305 [3]浙江省农业科学院玉米与特色旱粮研究所,金华322100

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2023年第6期66-70,共5页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-02-73);上海市水果甜玉米绿色高效栽培技术研究与示范(PKJ2020-N003)。

摘　　要：为探索地膜覆盖对上海浦东地区水果甜玉米的栽培效果,以‘申雪甜1号’为材料,对不同地膜覆盖下土壤温度、膜下杂草、玉米产量进行了研究。结果表明:与不覆膜(CK)相比,地膜覆盖显著提升了土壤温度,增加了玉米株高、穗位高、茎粗、玉米植株干重和果穗产量。在3种不同地膜处理中,黑膜处理(T2)对提升土壤温度效果最差,但杂草的抑制效果最好,平均防效接近100%;其次为黑白膜处理(T3),平均防效为45.5%;而白膜处理(T1)在玉米生长前期对杂草的生长起促进作用,但在提升土壤温度、玉米株高、穗位高、干物重、果穗性状和产量方面比其他处理好。在不同处理中,玉米果穗产量以白膜处理最高,比对照增产20.6%,其次为黑白膜处理和黑膜处理,分别比对照增产11.3%和6.6%。In order to explore the cultivation effects of plastic film mulching on sweet maize in Pudong of Shanghai,the soil temperature,weeds under film mulching,and maize yield under different mulching were studied using‘Shenxuetian 1’as the material.The results showed that compared with no mulching(CK),plastic film mulching significantly increased soil temperature,and increased maize plant height,panicle height,stem diameter,plant dry weight and panicle yield.Among the 3 different film mulching treatments,the black film treatment(T2)had the worst effect on raising soil temperature,but the inhibition effect of weeds was the best,with an average control effect close to 100%,followed by the black and white film treatment(T3),with an average control effect of 45.5%.However the white film treatment(T1)promoted the growth of weeds in the early growth stage of maize,but had a better effect on raising soil temperature,maize plant height,panicle position,dry matter weight,panicle characteristics and yield than other treatments.Among different treatments,the yield of maize panicle was highest in the white film treatment,which increased by 20.6%compared to the control,followed by black and white film treatment and black film treatment,which increased by 11.3%and 6.6%respectively compared to the control.

关 键 词：甜玉米 地膜覆盖 土壤温度 杂草 产量 性状 

分 类 号：S513.05[农业科学—作物学]