麦季施磷量对小麦-玉米轮作产量及土壤有效磷的影响  

Effects of Phosphorus Application Rates in Wheat Season on Wheat-Maize Rotation Yield and Available Phosphorus in Soil

作　　者：陈丽 寇心悦 党亚爱[2] 牛一楠 包书尚 沈玉芳[1] CHEN Li;KOU Xinyue;DANG Yaai;NIU Yinan;BAO Shushang;SHEN Yufang(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Science,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学理学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2024年第2期185-194,共10页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2452022377);国家自然科学基金项目(41671307)。

摘　　要：为提高陕西关中地区小麦-玉米轮作体系磷素利用率和节本增效,以及筛选合理的磷肥施用方式,于2018-2021年进行连续3年的仅小麦季一次施磷的田间定位试验,通过设置0、75、150、225和300 kg·hm^(-2)5个施磷(P2O5)水平,分析了麦季施磷量对小麦-玉米轮作产量、生物量、植株磷积累转运及土壤有效磷含量的影响。结果表明,与不施磷处理相比,施磷处理下小麦和小麦-玉米周年籽粒产量分别提高29.38%~40.95%和15.72%~24.57%,成熟期生物产量分别提高18.56%~34.19%和12.84%~23.29%,花前干物质转运量分别提高31.65%~63.33%和27.79%~52.47%,成熟期磷积累量分别提高37.08%~54.67%和39.54%~44.38%,磷素转运量分别提高90.82%~165.63%和44.06%~58.27%。通过进一步回归分析发现,实现小麦季和小麦-玉米周年最高产量的施磷量分别为207和201 kg·hm^(-2);若综合考虑粮食安全、环境安全和肥料利用率,以95%的小麦最高产量为实际目标,小麦季施磷量仅为130 kg·hm^(-2),两个最高产量的施磷量分别降低37.20%和35.32%,磷肥利用率分别提高2.27和2.87个百分点,小麦成熟期和玉米成熟期土壤有效磷含量分别为17.96和12.31 mg·kg^(-1)。因此,陕西省关中小麦-玉米轮作区麦季一次施用磷肥可实现小麦和小麦玉米周年高产稳产,本试验条件下130 kg·hm^(-2)为满足较高的轮作产量和磷肥利用率的适宜麦季施磷水平。In order to improve the phosphorus utilization efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the wheat maize rotation system in the Guanzhong region of Shaanxi Province,and to screen reasonable phosphorus fertilizer application methods,a field positioning experiment with only one phosphorus application in the wheat season was conducted from 2018 to 2021 for three consecutive years.Five phosphorus(P 2O 5)application levels(0,75,150,225 and 300 kg·hm^(-2))were set to analyze the effects of phosphorus application rate on grain yield,biomass,plant phosphorus accumulation and transport,and soil available phosphorus content of wheat-maize rotation were analyzed.The results showed that compared with non-phosphorus treatment,phosphorus application could increase wheat yield and annual wheat-maize yield by 29.38%-40.95%and 15.72%-24.57%,respectively;the dry matter accumulation increased by 18.56%-34.19%and 12.84%-23.29%,respectively;the dry matter translocation increased by 31.65%-63.33%and 27.79%-52.47%,respectively;the phosphorus accumulation increased by 37.08%-54.67%and 39.54%-44.38%,respectively;and the phosphorus translocation increased by 90.82%-165.63%and 44.06%-58.27%,respectively.Regression analysis showed that the phosphorus application rate for wheat and wheat-maize to reach the maximum yield was 207 and 201 kg·hm^(-2),respectively.Considering the food security,environmental security and fertilizer utilization efficiency,the production practice takes 95%of the maximum yield of wheat as the actual target.Only 130 kg·hm^(-2) of phosphorus is applied in the wheat season,the phosphorus application rate in the wheat season and the annual wheat-maize season will be reduced by 37.20%and 35.32%respectively,the phosphorus utilization rate in the wheat season and the annual wheat-maize season will be increased by 2.27 and 2.87 percentage points,respectively,and the effective phosphorus content in the soil at the wheat and maize maturity stages will be 17.96 and 12.31 mg·kg^(-1),respectively.Therefore,the one-time application

关 键 词：施磷量 小麦-玉米轮作 产量 养分 土壤有效磷 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311