施氮量对裸燕麦源库生理特性和茎鞘NSC积累与转运的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Physiological Characteristics of Source-Sink and NSC Accumulation and Transport in Stem and Sheath of Hulless Oat

作　　者：张宇[1] 赵宝平[1] 柳妍娣 米俊珍[1] 武俊英[2] 刘景辉[1] ZHANG Yu;ZHAO Baoping;LIU Yandi;MI Junzhen;WU Junying;LIU Jinghui(College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010019,China;Vocational and Technical College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Baotou,Inner Mongolia 014000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院,内蒙古包头014000

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2024年第2期206-213,共8页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金基目(31960378);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2021ZD0002);财政部和农业农村部;国家农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-07)。

摘　　要：为探究施氮量对燕麦源库生理特性和茎鞘间非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)积累和转运的影响,2021年和2022年选取穗粒数差异大的两个裸燕麦品种坝莜1号(穗粒数多)和定莜8号(穗粒数少)为试验材料,设置0、100和200 kg·hm^(-2)3个施氮水平,测定和分析了不同氮素供应条件下燕麦叶片光合指标、粒叶比、茎鞘NSC积累量(TMNSC)、NSC表观转运量(ATMNSC)及其对籽粒产量表观贡献率(ACNSC)的差异。结果表明,施氮对2个燕麦品种的籽粒产量具有增加效应,其中在施氮100 kg·hm^(-2)时产量最高。在100 kg·hm^(-2)施氮处理下,坝莜1号的旗叶面积、SPAD值、Pn和籽粒产量两年平均值较不施氮处理分别提高57.57%、80.70%、101.68%和40.15%,定莜8号分别提高43.70%、44.33%、69.49%和37.36%;坝莜1号的ATMNSC、ACNSC和粒叶比两年平均值较不施氮处理分别增加767.25 g、1.96倍和54.55%,定莜8号分别增加859.52 g、8.26倍和43.25%。综合以上结果,增施氮肥对两品种均有显著正向影响,坝莜1号表现出更优的源、库活性,从而获得更高的穗粒数,达到增产目的;定莜8号则表现出更优的源-库关系,增大库器官对源物质的“拉力”,促进NSC由茎鞘向籽粒的转运,弥补生育前期光合能力较弱导致的同化物质生产的不足,从而促进源库协调,提高籽粒产量。In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen application on source-sink physiological characteristics and the accumulation and transport of non-structural carbohydrates(NSC)between stems and sheath of oat,In 2021 and 2022,two naked oat varieties,Bayou 1(with more grains per spike)and Dingyou 8(with less grains per spike),with large differences in grains per spike,were selected as experimental materials,and 3 nitrogen application levels of 0(B1),100(B2)and 200(B3)kg·hm^(-2) were set.The photosynthetic index,ratio of grain to leaf,accumulation of NSC in stem sheath(TMNSC),apparent transfer volume of NSC(ATMNSC)and apparent contribution to grain yield(ACNSC)of oat leaves were measured and analyzed under different nitrogen supply conditions.The results showed that nitrogen application had an increasing effect on grain yield of the two oat varieties,and the highest yield was achieved when nitrogen application was 100 kg·hm^(-2).Compared with no nitrogen treatment,the flag leaf area,SPAD value,Pn and grain yield of Bayou 1 in B2 tretment increased 57.57%,80.70%,101.68%and 40.15%,respectively;The indexes of Dingyou 8 in B2 treatment increased 43.70,44.33%,69.49%and 37.36%,respectively.Compared with B1 treatment,ATMNSC,ACNSC and grain-leaf ratio of Bayou 1 in B2 tretment increased 767.25 g,1.96 times and 54.55%,respectively;The indexes of Dingyou 8 in B2 treatment increased 859.52 g,8.26 times and 43.25%,respectively.Based on the above results,the increase of nitrogen fertilizer had significant positive effects on both varieties.Bayou 1 showed better source and reservoir activities,which resulted in higher grain number per spike and increased yield.Dingyou 8 showed a better source-sink relationship,increased the“pull”of reservoir organs on source materials,promoted the transport of NSC from stem sheath to grain,and made up for the deficiency of assimilative material production caused by weak photosynthetic capacity in the early growth period,so as to promote source-sink coordination and improve grain yield.

关 键 词：裸燕麦 产量 生理特性 茎鞘NSC 

分 类 号：S512.6[农业科学—作物学] S311