中国小麦优势区域生产格局及施肥现状研究  

Research on the Production Pattern and Fertilization Status in China s Dominant Regions of Wheat

作　　者：严如玉 赵希梅 向风云 李雅琼 李绪勋 司转运 李鹏慧 高阳[2] 李继福[1,2] YAN Ruyu;ZHAO Ximei;XIANG Fengyun;LI Yaqiong;LI Xuxun;SI Zhuanyun;LI Penghui;GAO Yang;LI Jifu(College of Agriculture/Analytical&Testing Center of Agricultural Resource and Environment,Yangtze University,Jingzhou,Hubei 434025,China;Institute of Farmland Irrigation,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Demand and Regulation of Ministry of Agriculture,Xinxiang,Henan 453002,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院/农业资源与环境分析测试中心,湖北荆州434025 [2]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/农业部作物需水与调控重点实验室,河南新乡453002

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2024年第2期230-241,共12页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：农业农村部作物需水与调控重点实验室项目(ZWS202302);科技部"十三五"国家重点研发项目(2017YFD0201900)。

摘　　要：为了解中国小麦种植优势区域生产格局变化和小麦施肥研究现状,科学指导小麦生产管理,依托中国知网(CNKI)数据库、中国农村统计年鉴及2022年国家科学施肥指导意见,对中国小麦产量与施肥研究相关数据进行整合分析。结果表明,2011-2021年中国小麦种植面积持续稳定在2 400万hm^(2),小麦总产量和单产除2016-2018年有所波动外,其余年间均表现为稳步增产趋势。根据文献研究和各地区小麦总产量占比,将小麦主产区划分为西北、华北、西南和长江中下游4大麦区。2018-2021年华北冬小麦区年均种植面积、总产量和单产均最高,分别为1 210万hm^(2)、7 806万t和6 104 kg·hm^(-2),其中河南省各项指标稳居第一。文献资料关键词共现情况显示,近年来小麦产量、肥料利用率和栽培技术依然是国内小麦施肥研究重点。2012-2022年小麦施肥研究文献年发表量均在230篇以上,其中2021年为383篇。文献发表量趋势表现为2012-2014年逐年上升,2015-2022年有不同程度波动,其中华北麦区的研究机构分布广泛,总发文量占全国49.4%,其次是西南麦区。另外,统计数据显示小麦施肥研究论文类型以基础与应用基础研究为主,偏重技术推广应用。对比2012-2022年文献中实际施肥量与国家推荐施肥量,各麦区氮磷钾肥用量普遍下降,化肥减施和化肥替代效果明显,但部分地区或农户仍存在不合理施用氮磷钾肥的现象。总体而言,2012-2021年小麦优势区域生产格局稳定向好,化肥施用量仍需不断优化。In order to understand the changes of production patterns in China s wheat dominant areas and the research status of wheat fertilization,scientifically guiding wheat production management,based on the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)database,the China Rural Statistical Yearbook,and the 2022 National Scientific Fertilization Guidelines,the relevant data on wheat production and fertilizer application in China were integrated and analyzed.The results showed that from 2011 to 2021,the wheat planting area in China remained stable at 24 million hm 2,and except for fluctuations in total yield and yield per unit area from 2016 to 2018,the rest of the years showed a steady increase in production.Based on literature research and the proportion of wheat production in different regions,the main wheat-producing regions in China were divided into four major areas:Northwest China,North China,Southwest China,and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.From 2018 to 2021,the winter wheat area in North China had the highest average planting area,total production,and yield per unit area,which were 12.1 million hectares,78.06 million tons,and 6104 kg·hm^(-2),respectively.Among them,Henan Province consistently ranked first in all indicators.The co-occurrence of keywords in the literature showed that in recent years,wheat production,fertilizer utilization rate,and cultivation techniques were still the focus of fertilizer application research in China.From 2012 to 2022,the number of published research papers on wheat fertilization exceeded 230 each year,with 383 papers published in 2021.The trend of publications showed a gradual increase from 2012 to 2014,followed by fluctuations of varying degrees from 2015 to 2022.Among them,research institutions in North China were widely distributed,accounting for 49.4%of the total national publications,followed by Southwest China.In addition,statistical data showed that the types of research papers on wheat fertilization mainly focused on fundamental and applied fundamental

关 键 词：小麦 产量 施肥 优势产区 CNKI数据库 计量可视化分析 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311