长春市土地利用时空转型及其生态环境响应  

Temporal and Spatial Transformation of Land Use and Its Eco-environmental Response in Changchun

作　　者：范铭轩 姜海玲[1] 张舒涵 吕增淼 王丽遥 FAN Mingxuan;JIANG Hailing;ZHANG Shuhan;LYU Zengmiao;WANG Liyao(College of Tourist and Geoscience,Jilin Normal University,Siping 136099,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林师范大学旅游与地理科学学院,吉林四平136099

出　　处：《无线电工程》2024年第1期114-120,共7页Radio Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41701424);遥感科学国家重点实验室开放研究基金项目(OFSLRSS201716)。

摘　　要：土地利用转型是影响生态环境变化的重要因素,研究选用长春市2001、2011和2021年3期高分辨率土地利用数据,通过土地利用转移矩阵和土地利用动态度分析土地利用格局时空变化,基于生态环境质量指数和生态贡献率指标,探讨长春市生态环境对土地利用转型的响应。研究结果表明:①2001—2021年间耕地和建设用地是长春市发展所需的重心土地利用类型,耕地面积呈先增后减趋势,占比始终在75%以上,建设用地面积持续增长;草地、水域和未利用土地面积呈不同程度的下降趋势;林地维持自身生态平稳,变化较小;地类间的转换,以耕地和草地两种类型最为明显。②20年间,中心城区的低质量区范围逐渐扩大,次中心城区的低质量区范围略有减少。2011-2021年间,长春市生态环境质量下降速度较2001-2011年间减慢,生态环境改善面积增加,但整体生态环境质量变化幅度不大。③2001—2021年间长春市部分草地荒废、水域被破坏,生态问题较为严峻。虽然国家退耕还林还草等生态政策的落实对城市生态环境质量有所改善,但其恶化趋势仍始终高于改善趋势。研究结果可为长春市土地空间格局优化、生态环境改善提供科学依据。Land use transition is an important factor affecting ecological environment change.High-resolution land use data is selected from 2001,2011 and 2021 in Changchun.Firstly,land use transfer matrix and dynamic attitude of land use are used to analyze temporal and spatial changes of land use pattern.Based on ecological environment quality index and ecological contribution rate index,the response of ecological environment to land use transformation in Changchun is explored.The results show that:①Cultivated land and construction land are the core land use types required for the development of Changchun from 2001 to 2021.The cultivated land area increases first and then decreases,accounting for more than 75%of the total area,and the construction land area continues to grow.The grassland,water area and unused land area showed a decreasing trend to different degrees.The forest land maintained its ecological stability and changed little.The conversion among land types was most obvious in cultivated land and grassland.②In the past 20 years,the range of low-quality areas in central urban areas has gradually expanded,while that in sub-central urban areas has slightly decreased.From 2011 to 2021,the decline rate of ecological environment quality in Changchun slowed down compared with that in 2001 to 2011.The area of ecological environment improvement increased,but the overall ecological environment quality changed little.③From 2001 to 2021,part of grassland in Changchun was deserted and water area was destroyed,resulting in severe ecological problems.Although the implementation of national ecological policies such as returning farmland to forest or grassland has improved the quality of urban ecological environment,the deterioration trend is still higher than the improvement trend.The research results can provide scientific basis for the optimization of land spatial pattern and the improvement of ecological environment in Changchun.

关 键 词：土地利用转型 土地利用动态度 生态环境响应 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济] X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]