南海西北陆坡一号、二号沉船遗址第一阶段考古调查简报  

Phase 1 Archaeological Investigation of the No.1 and No.2 Shipwrecks on the Northwest Continental Slope of the South China Sea

作　　者：邓启江 岳超龙(执笔/图) 陈传绪 张凝灏(执笔/图) 宋建忠 李滨(摄影) 黄泽鹏(摄影) National Center for Archaeology;Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences;China(Hainan)Museum of the South China Sea

机构地区：[1]国家文物局考古研究中心 [2]中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所 [3]中国(海南)南海博物馆

出　　处：《文物》2023年第12期4-25,1,共23页Cultural Relics

摘　　要：2022年10月,南海西北陆坡约1500米深的海底发现两艘古代沉船,分别定名为南海西北陆坡一号、二号沉船。2023年5~6月,国家文物局考古研究中心等单位组织实施了对两艘沉船的第一阶段考古调查。一号沉船发现多个隔舱的船货堆积,包括大量外销陶瓷器及金属器等,年代为明正德年间;二号沉船船载大量从海外输入的原木,年代为明弘治年间。两艘沉船保存相对完好,文物数量巨大,时代明确,是我国乃至世界深海考古的重大发现。同时,两艘沉船船载不同船货,首次可以同时对我国海外贸易的外销与输入开展考古与研究,为深入探索和充分理解海上丝绸之路的双向贸易流动提供了重要资料。In October 2022,two ancient shipwrecks were discovered on the seabed at a depth of about 1,500 meters on the northwest continental slope of the South China Sea,named the“Nanhai Xibeilupo No.1 and No.2 Shipwrecks.”From May to June 2023,the National Center for Archaeology and others conducted the first phase of archaeological investigation on the two shipwrecks.Cargo accumulation in multiple compartments was found in the No.1 shipwreck,including considerable export ceramics and metalware,dating to the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty.In the No.2 shipwreck,archaeologists found a great number of logs imported from overseas,dating to the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty.The two shipwrecks are well-preserved with significant artifacts of explicit age,making them a major discovery in deep-sea archaeology in China and the world.In addition,the different cargos found on the two shipwrecks make it possible to conduct synchronous studies on both exports and imports of China's overseas trade for the first time,providing crucial materials for in-depth exploration and complete understanding of the mutual trading on the Maritime Silk Road.

关 键 词：海底地形 深海底 华南大陆 深海盆地 岛架 岛坡 大陆架 阶梯状 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]