陶寺墓葬M2172初探  

Preliminary Study on the Taosi Tomb

作　　者：高江涛[1] Gao Jiangtao

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所

出　　处：《文物》2023年第12期66-74,1,共10页Cultural Relics

摘　　要：1978~1985年,陶寺遗址发掘的墓地面积逾4万平方米,是目前龙山时代规模最大的墓地,已发掘了其中的1309座墓葬。发掘者依据墓葬规模和内涵的明显差异,将其中可以分类的770座墓分成了六类。六类墓中,属于二类甲型的M2172墓圹却堪比一类甲型墓葬,甚至还略大。该墓葬在埋葬形态上也有诸多特殊之处,可以明显分为棺、棺外、二层台三重葬仪空间,呈现不同的功用和仪式,反映出墓主生前的社会关系和社会观念。M2172二层台随葬猪下颌骨分组、有序、整齐摆放的特点反映了埋葬过程中庄重、严肃、规矩的仪式。猪下颌骨是葬仪中送葬人的助葬之物,表明早至龙山时代很可能已经出现了“■赙”的萌芽。From 1978 to 1985,the cemetery area excavated at the Taosi Site reached over 40,000 sq.m..making it the largest cemetery of the Longshan era so far.Among the 1,309 unearthed tombs,770 can be classified into six categories based on their tomb scales and cultural connotations.The size of Tomb M2172,which belongs to the Type A of Category II,is comparable to the Type A of Category I tombs and even slightly larger.The configuration of M2172 also indicates many unique features.Three burial spaces with different functions and rituals-the coffin,the outside of the coffin,and the secondary ledgecan be clearly distinguished,reflecting the social relationships and concepts of the tomb occupant during his/her lifetime.The mandibles of pigs buried on the secondary ledge of M2172 were grouped and placed in an orderly and neat manner,expressing a solemn and formal ceremony during the burial process.The pig mandible was used as the contribution or gift for the mourner in ancient funerals.indicating that the behavior of“Fengfu”may have appeared as early as the Longshan era.

关 键 词：随葬器物 陶寺遗址 发掘者 葬仪 猪下颌骨 特殊含义 墓地 龙山时代 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]