陕西省城市饮用水挥发性氯化消毒副产物的健康风险评估  

Health risk assessment of volatile chlorination disinfection by-products in urban drinking water in Shaanxi province

作　　者：雷佩玉 郑晶利 孙茜 惠晓芬 贾茹 LEI Pei-yu;ZHENG Jing-li;SUN Qian;HUI Xiao-fen;JIA Ru(Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi’an Shaanxi 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省疾病预防控制中心,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《中国消毒学杂志》2023年第12期905-909,共5页Chinese Journal of Disinfection

基　　金：陕西省科技资源开放共享平台项目(2016FWPT-12)。

摘　　要：目的评估陕西省城市饮用水中挥发性氯化消毒副产物的健康风险,为保障城市饮水安全提供科学依据。方法2020—2022年对陕西省采用氯化消毒和复合二氧化氯消毒方式的市政供水工程进行监测,参照GB5749—2022《生活饮用水卫生标准》对挥发性氯化消毒副产物三氯甲烷(TCM)、二氯一溴甲烷(BDCM)、一氯二溴甲烷(DBCM)和三溴甲烷(TBM)4项指标浓度进行达标评价,采用美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价方法对城市地区成人经饮水途径暴露于4种消毒副产物的健康风险进行评价。结果2020—2022年共监测水样3662份,TCM达标率为99.37%,其余指标BDCM、DBCM和TBM均达标。4种消毒副产物的非致癌健康风险水平从大到小依次TBM>TCM>BDCM>DBCM。3种消毒副产物的致癌风险水平为BDCM>TBM>DBCM;不同指标浓度、非致癌和致癌健康风险水平在不同消毒方式、水期、水样、水源类型间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论陕西省城市饮用水中挥发性氯化消毒副产物的非致癌性健康风险尚在可接受水平,应重点关注BDCM、DBCM和TBM暴露的致癌健康风险,以保障城市饮水安全。Objective To assess the health risks of volatile halogenated disinfection byproducts in urban drinking water in Shaanxi Province,and to provide scientific basis for ensuring urban drinking water safety.Methods From 2020 to 2022,the municipal water supply projects in Shaanxi Province which used chlorine disinfection and composite chlorine dioxide disinfection were monitored.The concentrations of four volatile halogenated disinfection byproducts,including trichloromethane(TCM),bromodichloromethane(BDCM),chlorodibromomethane(DBCM),and tribromomethane(TBM),were evaluated for compliance with the GB5749-2022 Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water.The health risks of adult exposure to the four disinfection byproducts through drinking water were evaluated using the health risk assessment method recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA).Results A total of 3662 water samples were monitored from 2020 to 2022,with TCM having a qualified rate of 99.37%,and the remaining indicators BDCM,DBCM,and TBM all meeting the standards.The non-carcinogenic health risk levels for the four disinfection byproducts were in the order of TBM>TCM>BDCM>DBCM.The carcinogenic risk levels for the three disinfection byproducts were in the order of BDCM>TBM>DBCM.There were statistically significant differences in the different disinfection methods,water periods,water samples,and water source types for different indicator concentration levels,non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk levels(P<0.05).Conclusion The non-carcinogenic health risks of volatile halogenated disinfection byproducts in urban drinking water in Shaanxi Province are still at an acceptable level,but attention should be paid to the carcinogenic health risks of BDCM,DBCM,and TBM exposure to ensure urban drinking water safety.

关 键 词：城市饮用水 消毒副产物 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：R123[医药卫生—环境卫生学] R187.2[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]