Customized scaffolds for large bone defects using 3D‑printed modular blocks from 2D‑medical images  

作　　者：Anil AAcar Evangelos Daskalakis Paulo Bartolo Andrew Weightman Glen Cooper Gordon Blunn Bahattin Koc 

机构地区：[1]Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences,Sabanci University,Istanbul 34956,Türkiye [2]D Bioprinting Laboratory,Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center,Istanbul 34956,Türkiye [3]School of Mechanical,Aerospace and Civil Engineering,Manchester Institute of Biotechnology,University of Manchester,Manchester M139PL,UK [4]Singapore Centre for 3D Printing,School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Nanyang Technological University,Singapore 639798,Singapore [5]School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences,University of Portsmouth,Portsmouth PO12UP,UK

出　　处：《Bio-Design and Manufacturing》2024年第1期74-87,共14页生物设计与制造（英文）

摘　　要：Additive manufacturing(AM)has revolutionized the design and manufacturing of patient-specific,three-dimensional(3D),complex porous structures known as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.The use of advanced image acquisition techniques,image processing,and computer-aided design methods has enabled the precise design and additive manufacturing of anatomically correct and patient-specific implants and scaffolds.However,these sophisticated techniques can be timeconsuming,labor-intensive,and expensive.Moreover,the necessary imaging and manufacturing equipment may not be readily available when urgent treatment is needed for trauma patients.In this study,a novel design and AM methods are proposed for the development of modular and customizable scaffold blocks that can be adapted to fit the bone defect area of a patient.These modular scaffold blocks can be combined to quickly form any patient-specific scaffold directly from two-dimensional(2D)medical images when the surgeon lacks access to a 3D printer or cannot wait for lengthy 3D imaging,modeling,and 3D printing during surgery.The proposed method begins with developing a bone surface-modeling algorithm that reconstructs a model of the patient’s bone from 2D medical image measurements without the need for expensive 3D medical imaging or segmentation.This algorithm can generate both patient-specific and average bone models.Additionally,a biomimetic continuous path planning method is developed for the additive manufacturing of scaffolds,allowing porous scaffold blocks with the desired biomechanical properties to be manufactured directly from 2D data or images.The algorithms are implemented,and the designed scaffold blocks are 3D printed using an extrusion-based AM process.Guidelines and instructions are also provided to assist surgeons in assembling scaffold blocks for the self-repair of patient-specific large bone defects.

关 键 词：Additive manufacturing Modular scaffolds Large bone defect Customized scaffold design Patient-specific scaffolds 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] R318.08[医药卫生—生物医学工程]