耕地非粮化对土壤健康的影响及其机理——以徐州市城乡结合部为例  

The influence of non-grain conversion of cultivated land on soil health and mechanism:Taking rural-urban fringe area of Xuzhou City as an example

作　　者：陈浮 华子宜 马静 蒋非非 支晓娟 朱新华[1] CHEN Fu;HUA Ziyi;MA Jing;JIANG Feifei;ZHI Xiaojuan;ZHU Xinhua(School of Public Administration,Hohai University,Nanjing 211110,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学公共管理学院,南京211110

出　　处：《资源科学》2023年第11期2210-2221,共12页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42377465;52374170);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(B230207001)。

摘　　要：【目的】本文旨在探明非粮化行为对土壤健康的潜在损害,为科学评估非粮化对耕地生产力和生态功能影响提供科学依据。【方法】利用实地踏勘、采样分析、模型评价和数据统计与分析等方法,从徐州市城乡结合部现状为设施大棚、果园、杨树林、草地、公路景观林和撂荒地等6类典型非粮化田块和对照耕地共采集80个表层土样,测定土壤物理、化学、生物及重金属污染等23项指标,并构建耕地健康评价模型探索非粮化对耕地健康的影响。【结果】研究表明:①非粮化显著改变了土壤理化和生物指标,非粮化土壤纤维二糖水解酶、碱性磷酸酶和细菌多样性指数显著低于对照样(P<0.05)。设施大棚土壤有机质、总磷、有效磷、有效钾、总氮和硝态氮含量最高,且与其他5种非粮化类型存在显著性差异(P<0.05);②与对照样相比,6类非粮化导致耕地土壤生产力、持水净水、碳固存、养分循环和生物多样性等不同的功能或多或少产生失衡,甚至处于亚健康状态;③结构方程模型拟合显示土壤养分、酶活性、生物多样性指数和重金属污染指数主导了非粮化土壤的健康分异。【结论】非粮化对耕地健康有影响,且不同行为的健康损害差异大,这一结果为非粮化分类整治、稳固粮食安全指明了方向。[Objective]This study aimed to explore the potential damage of non-grain conversion of cultivated land on soil health,and provide a scientific basis for evaluating the impact of nongrain conversion on land productivity and ecological functions.[Methods]80 surface soil samples were randomly collected from six types of non-grain conversion land,including facility vegetable field,orchard,poplar forest,grassland,highway landscape forest,and fallow land,and the control farmland in the rural-urban fringe area of Xuzhou City through field survey,sampling analysis,model evaluation,and statistical analysis.A total of 23 indicators of soil physical,chemical,and biological properties,as well as heavy metal pollution were measured to construct the cultivated land health assessment model,to explore the impact of non-grain conversion on land productivity and soil health.[Results]The results show that:(1)Non-grain conversion significantly changed soil physio-chemical and biological characteristics.The activities of cellulose disaccharide hydrolase,alkaline phosphatase,and bacterial diversity index in non-grain conversion soil were significantly lower than those in the soil of the control site(P<0.05).The soil organic matter content(27.92–36.33 g·kg-1),total phosphorus(0.89–1.54 g·kg-1),available phosphorus(186.82–307.01 mg·kg-1),available potassium(199.09–305.03 mg·kg-1),and total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content in facility vegetable plots were the highest,and there were significant differences(P<0.05)compared to the other five non-grain conversion land use types;(2)Compared to the farmland control site,the six types of non-grain conversion land use have led to some imbalance of different soil functions including productivity,water retention and purification,carbon sequestration,nutrient cycling,and biodiversity,even resulting in a suboptimal health state;(3)The structural equation model fitting result shows that soil nutrients,enzyme activity,biodiversity,and heavy metal pollution index dominated the soil hea

关 键 词：非粮化 土壤健康 土壤功能 重金属污染 耕地保护 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济] F323.211[农业科学—土壤学] S158[农业科学—农业基础科学]