环保型柔性医用X射线防护材料研制及其防护性能分析与优化  

Development of environmentally friendly flexible medical X-ray shielding materials and analysis and optimization of their protective performance

作　　者：仇天祎 张国青[1] 王敏娟[2] 李天来[3] 王博宇 刘洋 李波宁 原林[1] Qiu Tianyi;Zhang Guoqing;Wang Minjuan;Li Tianlai;Wang Boyu;Liu Yang;Li Boning;Yuan Lin(School of Science,Xi′an Polytechnic University,Xi′an 710048,China;Department of Radiology,Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Medical University,Xi′an 710021,China;Radiology and Occupational Health Institute,Shaanxi Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi′an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安工程大学理学院,西安710048 [2]西安医学院第三附属医院影像科,西安710021 [3]陕西省疾病预防控制中心放射与职业卫生所,西安710054

出　　处：《中华放射医学与防护杂志》2023年第12期1016-1021,共6页Chinese Journal of Radiological Medicine and Protection

基　　金：西安市科技计划项目(22GXFW0042);陕西职业病危害工程防护项目-技术成果转移转化项目(SXCDC-GCFH-2022-02);陕西省教育厅重点科研计划项目(22JC034)。

摘　　要：目的针对传统医用X射线防护服研发存在的各种环保和能耗高等问题,研制了一种环保型柔性X射线防护材料,并对其性能进行分析和优化。方法主要采用蒙特卡罗核粒子输运程序建立医用X射线光管简化模型,对屏蔽材料的X射线屏蔽性能进行数值模拟预测,再通过实验制备柔性X射线防护材料,并对其进行屏蔽性能测试验证,通过对比二者间的结果获得研制及优化的途径。结果Bi是替代有毒Pb元素的首选,W可弥补Bi的X射线弱吸收区;掺杂25%Bi+25%W的复合材料在80和120 kVp管电压下屏蔽率可达77.8%和66.3%。结论通过元素甄选和功能粒子优化组合研究表明,在医用诊断X射线能量范围内,钨+铋替代铅是经济、环保、高效的方式之一。研究表明数值模拟对实验材料性能评估具有一定的指导意义,利用数值模拟可减少实验成本、缩短研究周期、提高研发效率。Objective To develope and analyze and optimize the performance of some kinds of environmentally friendly flexible X-ray protective materials in attempt to tackle the various environmental and high energy consumption problems in the development of traditional medical X-ray protective clothing.Methods The Monte Carlo program was used to establish a simplified model of medical X-ray tube.The aim was to carry out numerical simulation and prediction of the shielding materials′performance against Xray,prepare the flexible X-ray shielding materials through experiments and test and verify the their shielding performances The development and optimization path was also obtained by comparing the result between simulation and experiment.Results Bi was the preferred alternative to toxic Pb elements,while W was able to compensate for weak X-ray absorption zone of Bi.The shielding efficiency of the composite material doped with 25%Bi+25%W was able to reach 77.8%and 66.3%at 80 and 120 kVp tube voltages,respectively.Conclusions With both the selection of elements and the optimization of functional particles,the combination of W and Bi is an economical,environmentally friendly,and efficient shielding way within the energy range of medical diagnostic X-rays.The numerical simulation helps reduce experimental costs,shorten the research period,and improve the design efficiency of X-ray shielding materials.

关 键 词：X射线防护 柔性材料 热塑性弹性体 蒙特卡罗 

分 类 号：R143[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]