天山北坡中段雪岭云杉人工林碳汇随林龄的动态变化  

Dynamic Changes of Carbon Sink of Picea schrenkiana Plantation with Forest Age in Middle Section of Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountains

作　　者：马媛[1,2] 常顺利 王冠正[1,2] 张毓涛 孙雪娇 李吉玫 MA Yuan;CHANG Shunli;WANG Guanzheng;ZHANG Yutao;SUN Xuejiao;LI Jimei(Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology under the Ministry of Education,School of Ecology and Environment,Xinjiang University,Urumqi Xinjiang 830017,China;Tianshan Forest Ecosystem National Station,Urumqi Xinjiang 830063,China;Institute of Forest Ecology,Xinjiang Academy of Forestry,Urumqi Xinjiang 830063,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生态与环境学院绿洲生态教育部重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830017 [2]新疆天山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,新疆乌鲁木齐830063 [3]新疆林业科学院森林生态研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830063

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（自然科学版）（中英文）》2024年第1期110-120,共11页Journal of Xinjiang University(Natural Science Edition in Chinese and English)

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金“基于三库转移模型的不同水热条件下天山北坡森林土壤有机碳分解特征研究”(2022D01B174);2023年新疆林业发展补助资金项目“2023年新疆天山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站运行补助项目”;新疆林业生态基础类项目“生态树种新品种选育与生态修复关键技术研究”(XJLYKJ-2021-20).

摘　　要：人工林是森林固碳增汇的重要组成部分,其碳汇动态随林龄的增长存在较大差异.以天山林区广泛分布的单一人工林雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkiana)为研究对象,选取未抚育的各龄级人工林样地并以无林地为对照,通过样地调查与取样,计算植被地上、植被地下、枯落物和土壤碳密度,采用空间代替时间的方法量化了人工林碳汇量和造林后固碳量特征随林龄的变化规律.结果表明:1)不同龄组雪岭云杉人工林植被地上碳密度为1.82~119.34 t·hm^(-2),植被地下碳密度为1.26~27.77 t·hm^(-2),树干累积了植被46.4%~62.0%的碳,随林龄增加,碳密度(造林固碳量)呈现明显的异速增长,碳汇量则表现为先升高后降低的趋势.2)凋落物碳密度介于0.42~1.74 t·hm^(-2)之间,碳汇量在各龄组间差异不大,发挥了0.23~0.42 t·hm^(-2)·10 a的碳汇功能,造林后固碳量随林龄成线性增长趋势.3)造林前期,土壤深层碳密度显著增大;造林后期,表层土壤碳在凋落物分解输入作用下逐渐累积,显著大于10~60 cm;造林能够有效提高土壤碳汇,平均碳汇量达51.66 t·hm^(-2)·10 a;造林后土壤固碳量与无林地相比提升较明显,21~30 a林龄时达最大值101.83t·hm^(-2),固碳量随林龄表现为先增后降的二项式分布.4)雪岭云杉人工林总碳汇呈非匀速增长趋势,其中60 a人工林碳汇潜力较高,总碳汇累积量可达488.60 t·hm^(-2);雪岭云杉人工林植被地上部和地下部碳汇在生态系统总碳汇的占比不断增加,由10~20 a林龄的4.6%增加至51~60 a林龄的67.7%,同时土壤碳汇在生态系统总碳汇的占比不断降低.Artificial forest is an important component of forest carbon sequestration and sink enhancement,and its carbon dynamics are quite different with the increase of forest age.Taking Picea schrenkiana,a single plantation widely distributed in Tianshan forest area,as the research object,the untended plantation sample plots of different ages and no forest land as the control were selected.Through the investigation and sampling of sample plots,the carbon density of vegetation above ground,vegetation under ground,litter and soil were calculated,and the variation law of carbon sink and carbon sequestration after afforestation with forest age were quantified by using the method of replacing time with space.The results showed that:1)The above ground carbon density of different age groups was 1.82»119.34 t·hm^(-2)and the under ground carbon density was 1.26»27.77 t·hm^(-2).The trunk accumulated 46.4%»62.0%of the vegetation carbon.The carbon density(carbon sequestration)increased at different speeds with the increase of forest age,while the carbon sink increased at first and then decreased.2)The carbon density of litter ranged from 0.42 t·hm^(-2)to 1.74 t·hm^(-2),and the carbon sequestration of litter played a role of 0.23 t·hm^(-2)·10 a to 0.42 t·hm^(-2)·10 a.3)In the early stage of afforestation,the carbon density in deep soil was significantly higher;At the later stage of afforestation,the carbon in topsoil gradually accumulated under the action of litter decomposition input,which was significantly greater than 10»60 cm;Afforestation can effectively improve soil carbon sink,the average amount of carbon sink reached 51.66 t·hm^(-2)·10 a;Compared with no forest land,the amount of carbon sequestration increased obviously after afforestation,and reached the maximum value of 101.83 t·hm^(-2)at 21»30 a of forest age,and the amount of carbon sequestration increased first and then decreased binomial with forest age.4)The total carbon sequestration of plantation showed a non-uniform growth trend,in which the carbon

关 键 词：人工林 林龄 碳密度 碳汇 云杉森林 

分 类 号：S714.7[农业科学—林学]