钾对杏叶片光合同化物与果实品质的影响  

Effects of Potassium on Photoassimilate of Apricot Leaf and Fruit Quality

作　　者：王端 刘志琨 景晨娟 陈雪峰 李亚囡 武晓红[1] WANG Duan;LIU Zhikun;JING Chenjuan;CHEN Xuefeng;LI Yanan;WU Xiaohong(Shijiazhuang Institute of Pomology,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/National Pear Improvement Center,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050061,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所/国家梨改良中心,河北石家庄050061

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2024年第1期20-24,共5页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：石家庄果树研究所青年科研基金项目(SG202102);河北省重点研发计划项目(21326310D);河北省农林科学院科技创新专项课题(2022KJCXZX-SGS-8);河北省现代农业产业技术体系(HBCT2021100215)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明钾对杏叶片光合及其同化物的影响,为杏钾养分管理提供理论依据。【方法】以7年生冀早红杏为试材,在果实膨大期用K_(2)O浓度分别为0(CK)、0.5%(T_(1))、1.0%(T_(2))、1.5%(T_(3))、2.0%(T_(4))的钾溶液涂抹果实周围叶片,分析其对叶片叶绿素含量、光合性能、山梨醇、蔗糖、6-磷酸山梨醇脱氢酶(S6PDH)、蔗糖磷酸合酶(SPS)活性和果实品质的影响。【结果】与CK相比,不同浓度钾处理可不同程度提高叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、山梨醇含量、蔗糖含量、S6PDH和SPS活性,且以T_(3)处理各指标值最大,分别为CK的1.59倍、1.20倍、2.25倍、2.24倍、1.23倍、7.08倍、3.34倍和2.04倍,差异均达显著水平。钾肥对杏果实大小无显著影响,但对果实中可溶性固形物(SSC)和可滴定酸含量影响显著,其中,T_(3)处理的SSC较CK增加1.67百分点,可滴定酸含量增加0.11百分点,效果最显著。【结论】在试验条件下,以1.5%K_(2)O浓度处理效果最佳,有利于提高杏叶片的光合性能,促进光合同化物的积累,从而提高果实品质。【Objective】The effects of potassium on the photosynthesis and photoassimilate of apricot leaves were investigated,so as to provide theoretical basis for potassium nutrient management of apricot.【Method】The 7-year old‘Jizaohong’apricot was used as the test material.In the fruit expansion stage,K_(2)O with the concentration of 0(CK),0.5%(T_(1)),1.0%(T_(2)),1.5%(T_(3)),2.0%(T_(4))was applied to the leaves around the fruit.The effects of different concentrations of K_(2)O on leaf chlorophyll content,photosynthetic performance,sorbitol,sucrose,sorbitol 6-phosphate dehydrogenase(S6PDH),sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS)and fruit quailty were studied.【Result】Compared with CK,the chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),stomatal conductance(G_(s)),transpiration rate(T_(r)),sorbitol content,sucrose content,S6PDH and SPS activities of leaves were increased by different concentrations of potassium fertilizer,and the indexes of T_(3)treatment had the highest value,which were 1.59,1.20,2.25,2.24,1.23,7.08,3.34 and 2.04 times of CK,respectively,and the differences reached significant level.Potassium fertilizer had no obvious effect on apricot fruit size,but significantly affected the contents of soluble solid(SSC)and titratable acid in apricot fruit.The SSC and titratable acid contents of apricot fruit under T_(3)treatment increased by 1.67 percentage points and 0.11 percentage points,respectively,compared with CK,which showed the most significant effect.【Conclusion】Under the experimental conditions,1.5%K_(2)O concentration has the best treatment effect,which is beneficial to improve the photosynthetic performance of apricot leaves,promote the accumulation of photoassimilate,and thus improve the fruit quality.

关 键 词：杏 叶片 钾 光合同化物 光合作用 果实 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]