株距和穴栽苗数不同配置对喀斯特山区水稻产量和干物质积累的影响  

Effects of Plant Spacing and Seedling Number per Hole on Rice Yield and Dry Matter Accumulation in Karst Mountain Area

作　　者：张发丽 黄婷婷 张恒栋 何志旺 敖正友 ZHANG Fali;HUANG Tingting;ZHANG Hengdong;HE Zhiwang;AO Zhengyou(Qianxinan Institute of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Xingyi,Guizhou 562400;Qianxinan Bureau of Agricultural and Rural Affairs,Xingyi,Guizhou 562400,China)

机构地区：[1]黔西南州农业林业科学研究院,贵州兴义562400 [2]黔西南州农业农村局,贵州兴义562400

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2024年第1期25-32,共8页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划(农业领域重点项目)“农作物和食用菌种质资源精准鉴定评价”(黔科合支撑〔2022〕重点025);贵州省水稻现代农业产业技术体系-黔西南综合试验站项目(GZCYTX2023-06001);黔西南州科技计划项目“杂交水稻毯苗机械化定量育插技术研究与示范”(2020-1-04),“食用菌废弃菌渣施用对水稻产量和品质影响研究”(2021-1-04)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明喀斯特山区水稻移栽株距和穴苗数配置对其产量和干物质积累的影响,为水稻机插栽培密度和穴栽苗数的选择提供参考。【方法】选用2种不同类型水稻品种晶两优534(多穗型杂交籼稻)和甬优1540(大穗型籼粳杂交水稻),在固定移栽行距(30 cm)基础上,设置不同移栽株距(13.33 cm、20 cm和26.67 cm)和穴栽苗数(1苗、2苗和3苗),分析株距与穴苗数不同配置处理水稻的产量和干物质积累量。【结果】株距对2个水稻品种的有效穗均有显著(P<0.05)影响,对产量均无显著影响;随株距增加,2个水稻品种的有效穗呈降低趋势;大穗型水稻品种甬优1540的穗粒数随株距增加呈增加趋势,而多穗型品种晶两优534穗粒数受株距影响不明显;晶两优534千粒重随株距增加而降低,甬优1540千粒重受株距影响不明显;2个水稻品种的产量与干物质积累量均表现随株距增加而降低。穴栽苗数对2个水稻品种的产量均有显著(P<0.05)影响,对千粒重均无显著影响;相同株距条件下,晶两优534的有效穗和千粒重随穴栽苗数增加呈增加趋势,而穗粒数、产量及干物质积累量则随穴栽苗数增加而明显减少;穴栽苗数对甬优1540的有效穗、穗粒数和千粒重影响不明显,而产量与干物质积累量随穴栽苗数增加明显降低。【结论】在固定水稻行距(30 cm)基础上,一定范围内株距(13.33~26.67 cm)的变化对不同类型水稻产量影响较小,控制穴栽苗数(1~2苗)有利于水稻获得高产,同时该行株距及穴苗数配置适宜于水稻机插栽培。【Objective】The effects of plant spacing and seedling number per hole on rice yield and dry matter accumulation were explored in karst mountain areas to provide a reference for selecting cultivation density and seedling number per hole for machine transplanting culture for rice.【Method】Taking two different types of rice varieties,Jingliangyou 534(panicle-rich hybrid indica rice)and Yongyou 1540(big-panicle indica-japonica cross rice),as the test materials,based on the fixed transplanting row spacing(30 cm),different transplanting plant spacing(13.33 cm,20 cm and 26.67 cm)and seedlings number per hole(1seedling,2 seedlings and 3 seedlings)were set to analyze the effects of different configurations of plant spacing and seedling number per hole on rice yield and dry matter accumulation.【Result】There were significant effects(P<0.05)of plant spacing on effective panicles of the two rice varieties,and no significant effects on yield.With the increase of plant spacing,the effective panicles of the two rice varieties showed a decreasing trend;The grain number per spike of big-ear rice varieties Yongyou 1540 showed an increasing trend with the increase of plant spacing,while the grain number per spike of multiple-ear rice varieties Jingliangyou 534 was not obviously affected by plant spacing.The 1000-grain weight of Jingliangyou 534 decreased with the increase of plant spacing,while 1000-grain weight of Yongyou 1540 was not obviously affected by plant spacing.The yield and dry matter accumulation of the two rice varieties decreased with the increase of plant spacing.The seedling number per hole had significant effects(P<0.05)on the yield of the two rice varieties,while had no significant effect on 1000-grain weight.Under the same plant spacing condition,the effective panicles and 1000-grain weight of Jingliangyou 534 showed an increasing trend with the increase of the seedling number per hole,while the grain number per spike,yield and dry matter accumulation reduced significantly with the increase of the seedli

关 键 词：水稻 株距 苗数配置 产量 喀斯特山区 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S318