修文县猕猴桃果园土壤养分的丰缺状况  

Abundance or Deficiency Status of Soil Nutrients in Kiwifruit Orchards of Xiuwen County

作　　者：李铠妍 LI Kaiyan(College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2024年第1期42-49,共8页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：【目的】探明修文县猕猴桃果园土壤养分的丰缺状况,为果园合理施肥,促进猕猴桃养分吸收及提高产质量提供参考。【方法】以修文县久长街道猕猴桃果园土壤为研究对象,采用野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,测定耕地土壤pH、有机质和全氮等11个指标含量,并对土壤养分指标进行相关性分析和分级诊断。【结果】修文县久长街道不同施肥方式或同一施肥方式的猕猴桃果园土壤养分均存在差异,且不同养分间存在不同程度相关性。土壤pH为4.5~5.0,均值为4.8,属酸性土壤,不利于猕猴桃生长;土壤有机质、全氮和阳离子交换量含量均值分别为54.62 g/kg、2.91 g/kg和31.44 cmol/kg,均属1级水平,弱变异(变异系数<10%);碱解氮、速效钾和交换性钙分别为136.27 mg/kg、284.64 mg/kg和1865.30 mg/kg,均属2级水平,中等变异(10%<变异系数<90%);交换性镁为149.82 mg/kg,属3级水平,中等变异;全磷为0.91 g/kg,属4级水平,中等变异;全钾为4.59 g/kg,属5级水平,中等变异;有效磷为47.40 mg/kg,属强变异(变异系数>90%)。【结论】修文县久长街道2个猕猴桃果园分别采用不施基肥、追施无机肥和基施有机肥、追施有机肥的方式均呈现土壤酸化严重,全钾、全磷含量较低,作物产质量较低等现象,且对调控土壤营养元素、改善土壤团粒结构、提高土壤有机质含量及构建健康土壤环境均无促进作用。建议采用有机-无机肥配施的方式,适当施用石灰、翻压绿肥等措施改善土壤理化性质,促进土壤营养均衡,从而促进作物生长,提高猕猴桃产质量。【Objective】The soil nutrient abundance or deficiency with different fertilization methods in kiwifruit orchards in Xiuwen County,Guizhou Province,was investigated,so as to provide reference for rational fertilization in orchards,promoting kiwifruit nutrient uptake and improving the yield and quality.【Method】The soil of kiwifruit orchard in Jiuchang Street,Xiuwen County,was used as the research object.A combination of field investigation and indoor analysis was used to determine the contents of 11 indicators such as pH,organic matter and total nitrogen in arable soils,as well as to analyze the correlation of the soil nutrient indicators and to diagnose the grading.【Result】There were differences in soil nutrients of kiwifruit orchards in Changjiu Street,Xiuwen County with different fertilization methods or same fertilization method,and there were different correlation levels in different nutrients.Soil pH ranged from 4.5 to 5.0,with a mean value of 4.8,which was acidic and unfavorable to kiwifruit growth.The mean values of soil organic matter,total nitrogen and cation exchange content were 54.62 g/kg,2.91 g/kg and 31.44 cmol/kg,respectively,all of which belonged to the level of class 1,with a weak variance(the coefficient of variation was less than 10%).The mean values of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available potassium and exchanged calcium were 136.27 mg/kg,284.64 mg/kg and 1865.30 mg/kg,respectively,all of which were at grade 2 level with medium variation(10%<coefficient of variation<90%).Exchangeable magnesium was 149.82 mg/kg,which was at grade 3 level with medium variation.Total phosphorus was 0.91 g/kg,which was at grade 4 level with medium variation.Total potassium was 4.59 g/kg,which was at grade 5 and medium variance.The available phosphorus was 47.40 mg/kg,which was a strong variance(coefficient of variation>90%).【Conclusion】The two kiwifruit orchards in Jiuchang Street of Xiuwen County under different treatments(no basal fertilizer,applying inorganic fertilizer and basal organic fertiliz

关 键 词：土壤 猕猴桃 果园 养分丰缺评价 修文 贵州 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]