近代长江口地区渔港及其市镇的发育机制  

The Human-Environment Relationship in the Development of Fishing Industry Ports and Towns in the Modern Yangtze River Estuary

作　　者：吴俊范[1] Wu Junfan

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学历史系

出　　处：《全球城市研究（中英文）》2023年第4期1-13,189,共14页Global Cities Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“7—20世纪长江三角洲海岸带环境变迁史料的搜集、整理与研究”(项目编号:20&ZD231)。

摘　　要：历史上,长江口地区港口的发展面临地理环境方面的共性问题,如沙洲坍淤频繁、岸线摆动不定等,而江岸线保持稳定的程度及时间长度直接影响着港口及聚落的形成和发育。本文依据地方志、民国期刊报纸和旧地图资料,对近代长江口地区最具产业特色的渔业类港口及其市镇的发育机制进行人地关系分析。研究发现:长江口渔业类港口的发育过程明显体现了港口与聚落之间一体性的互动增长。尽管沿江两岸随机分布着大密度的小型渔港,但只有水深湾阔、径流量大的河流入口,才有利于大型综合性港口的形成;而港口经济的发展,能够同步带动聚落向大型商业性市镇演化。一座大型渔港及其背后大型市镇的形成,需要大流量的入海河流、良好的河口水沙环境、一定时期内保持稳定的岸线,以及人工对港口的疏浚维护等诸多条件的共同加持。The modern-era development of ports in the Yangtze River estuary encountered shared geographical challenges,including frequent sandbar sedimentation and unstable shorelines.The stability and duration of riverbanks played a pivotal role in shaping ports and settlements.This study examines the interplay between humans and the environment in the development mechanism of fishing industry-related ports and towns in the modern Yangtze River estuary.Drawing on local chronicles,journals from the Republican period,and historical maps,the analysis unveils the integrated growth relationship between ports and settlements.While numerous small fishing ports are dispersed along both riverbanks,the formation of large comprehensive ports is favored only in river mouths with deep waters and substantial runoff.The economic development of ports concurrently propels the transformation of settlements into sizable commercial towns.Establishing a significant fishing port and its associated major town necessitates the combined support of factors such as high river flow,a conducive river mouth water and sediment environment,a stable shoreline over a specific period,and human efforts in port dredging and maintenance.

关 键 词：长江口 渔港 市镇 自然环境 人地关系 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学] F552.9[历史地理—中国史] F329[经济管理—产业经济]