我国物权立法贯彻科学性原则的问题研究--兼顾一段立法历史的回忆  

Study on the Problems of Implementing the Principle of Scientificity in China's Property Rights Legislation--Considering the Memories of a Period of Legislative History

作　　者：孙宪忠[1] Sun Xianzhong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学所

出　　处：《政法论坛》2024年第1期3-34,共32页Tribune of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：2007年《物权法》是贯彻科学立法原则的重要努力,物权编作为《民法典》第二编是贯彻科学立法原则的结果。法律关系学说作为民法立法、民法分析和裁判的基本逻辑,是全部民事法律制度建立、执法以及司法机关使用法律的逻辑。对物权的定义,笔者提出“三个特定”学说,即物权法律关系中包括特定的人、特定的物、特定的权利这些基本因素。物权法属于民事立法中的财产权利立法、实体性权利立法,其体系和内容非常庞大。物权法范畴应包括确立财产支配秩序的制度范畴、物权变动的制度范畴、第三人保护的制度范畴。物权立法依据法理科学对中国特有的公有制财产权利制度进行更新改造,包括对国家所有权制度的更新改造、以成员权为基础重塑农村集体经济组织所有权制度,以及《民法典》对其他公有制财产权利简要规定。我国物权立法积极吸收前人创造的科学理论,并且将这些理论结合我国独特的政治制度、经济制度和法律文化背景,结合我国国情,重塑物权立法结构,创立区分原则,重塑公示原则,重建交易安全保障制度。这些重大制度的改造、创新或者重塑,现在已经成为广泛的社会共识,在法律实施的过程中得到了广泛的应用。The Property Law of 2007 is an important effort to implement the principle of scientific legislation and the Property Title,as Title II of the Civil Code,is the result of the implementation of the principle of scientific legislation.The doctri ne of juristic relations,as the basic logic of legislation,juridical analysis and adjudication in civil law,is the logic of the establishment,enforcement of civil law system,as well as civil adjudication.Doctrine of“three specifcs”,including specific legal person,specific object and specific right was put forward to define the property right.Property law belongs to legislation about property rights,substa ntive rights in civil legislation,which result in its large contents.The scope of property law should include the system to confirm the order of property domain,rules of property transferring,and trade protection of the third party.Property rights legislation updates and reforms China's unique public property rights system according to science of jurisprudence,which includes reforming national ownership system,reshaping of the ownership system of rural collective economic organizations on the basis of the right of membership,and the rules in the Civil Code on other public property rights.China's property rights legislation has actively absorbed the scientifc theories created by its predecessors and,by combining these theories with China's unique political system,economic system and legal and cultural background,and by taking into account China's national conditions.It has reshaped the structure of the property rights legislation,created the principle of distinction,reshaped the principle of publicity,and rebuilt the system of transaction security guarantees.All of them has been a general social consensus and has been widely applied in the process of legal implementation.

关 键 词：物权立法 科学立法 物权法 民法典 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]