宋代土地诉讼中的恤孤幼寡老思想--以《名公书判清明集》判词为中心  

The Thought of Compassion for the Orphans,Minors,Widows and the Elderly in the Land Lawsuits of the Song Dynasty--Centered on Ming Gong Shu Pan Qing Ming Ji

作　　者：柴荣[1] Chai Rong

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2024年第1期134-144,共11页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“中国古代国家治理中的土地法经验研究”(21BFX004)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：恤孤幼寡老的德治仁爱思想是中国古代优秀法文化的重要内容之一。土地作为基本的生产生活资料,对孤幼寡老的生活保障和精神抚慰都具有重要意义。宋代在涉及孤幼寡老的土地诉讼中,对这些弱势群体土地权益的保护,在立法和司法中均有体现:其一,以律典敕令等法律形式,形成了“检校”等特别保护法律规范;其二,以仁爱为指导,通过“国法”与“情理”融合的方式,在司法实践中,对法律进行目的扩张性解释。从历史语境分析,中国古代对孤幼寡老的特别法律保护缘起于周代,宋代相对完备的恤孤幼寡老社会保障思想制度是自古传统人道法文化的延续丰富。从社会效果分析,宋代土地诉讼中对孤幼寡老的特别保护,是地方官府通过个案实践追求德治,以实现法律的仁政教化社会功能的重要路径。The thought of benevolence and benevolence to care for the orphans,minors,widows and the elderly is one of the important connotations of the excellent legal culture in ancient China.As the basic means of production and living,land is of great significance to the living security and spiritual comfort of the orphans,minors,widows and the elderly.The protection of land rights and interests of the orphans,minors,widows,and the elderly in the Song Dynasty was reflected in both legislation and justice.Firstly,in legal forms such as legal codes and decrees,special legal protection norms such as“Jian Jiao”have been formulated for land litigation involving orphans,minors,widows and the elderly;secondly,in the judicial practice of land litigation involving orphans,minors,widows and elders,under the guidance of benevolence,through the fusion of“national law”and“emotion and reason”,the law is interpreted in an expansive way.From the analysis of the historical context,the special legal protection for the orphans,the young,the widows and the elderly in the Song Dynasty originated in the Zhou Dynasty,and the relatively complete social security system for the orphans,the young,the widows and the elderly in the Song Dynasty was the continuation and enrichment of the traditional humanitarian law culture since ancient times.From the analysis of social effects,the special protection of the orphans,the young,the widows,and the elderly in land litigation is an important path for the local government to pursue the rule of virtue and attach importance to education through individual case practice,so as to realize the overall social function of the law.

关 键 词：宋代土地诉讼 恤孤幼 恤寡老 《名公书判清明集》 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学] K244[历史地理—历史学]