新生代农民工的家庭再生产与乡村发展——基于打工地和输出地的城乡多点研究  

Family Reproduction of the New Generation of Migrant Workers and Rural Development——An Urban-rural Multi-site Research based on Receiving and Sending Sites

作　　者：王欧 WANG Ou

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学社会学院 [2]湖北省社会发展与社会政策研究中心

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期151-171,共21页Journal of China Agricultural University;Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“县域发展对新生代农民工城镇化路径的影响研究”(22BSH017)。

摘　　要：新生代农民工“离土出村”之后,其家庭再生产安排深刻影响乡村发展。基于打工地和输出地的城乡多点研究发现,由于打工城市的排斥,新生代农民工将家庭再生产嵌入乡村社会,形成代际联系紧密的直系留守家庭,通过拓展留守家庭经营、为下一代加盖房屋等促进了乡村发展。然而,近年来农民工输出地的县域城镇化提供了新的家庭再生产空间,很大一部分新生代农民工的家庭再生产发生上移,家庭劳动力和家庭经济资源从乡村抽离,造成留守家庭规模锐减、经营萎缩、盖房停滞等乡村空心化现象。与此同时,大量新生代大龄单身男工因难以实现家庭化而陷入家庭再生产残缺,与留守家庭的联系逐渐疏离,不愿参与留守家庭经营和房屋营建,导致农地抛荒、房屋破败、照护危机等乡村发展困境。本研究有助于修正新生代农民工“离土出村”造成乡村空心化的线性变革观点,突显家庭再生产分析对理解其与乡村发展的复杂关系的重要意义。After the new generation of migrant workers“leaving the soil and leaving the village”,their family reproduction arrangements have a profound impact on rural development.Using the urban-rural multi-site research based on receiving and sending sites,this article finds that due to urban exclusion,the new generation of migrant workers embed family reproduction into rural society,forming left-behind families with close intergenerational ties,and promoting rural development by expanding the economic production of left-behind families and building rural houses.However,in recent years,urbanization in counties where migrant workers are sent has provided new space for family reproduction.A large part of the new generation of migrant workers has moved family reproduction upwards,withdrawning the family labor force and family economic resources from the countryside.This has resulted in serious rural hollowing out,such as a sharp reduction in the size of left-behind families,shrinking family economies,and stagnant housing construction.At the same time,a large number of older single male workers of the new generation fell into incomplete family reproduction due to the difficulty in forming a family.They gradually alienate themselves from the left-behind families and are unwilling to participate in left-behind family management and house construction.As a result,these left-behind families face rural development difficulties such as farmland abandonment,dilapidated houses,and care crises.The study helps to revise the linear change perspective of rural hollowing caused by the new generation of migrant workers“leaving the soil and leaving the village”,and highlights the importance of family reproduction analysis in understanding its complex relationship with rural development.

关 键 词：新生代农民工 乡村发展 家庭再生产 县域城镇化 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]