金属声屏障用陶粒吸声板制备及性能实验研究  

Trial Production and Experimental Study on Performance of Ceramsite-based Sound-absorbing Plate for Metal Noise Barrier

作　　者：韩珈琪 HAN Jiaqi(Designing and Research Institute of Mechanical Power and Environmental Engineering,China Railway Design Group Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300308,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路设计集团有限公司机械动力与环境工程设计研究院,天津300308

出　　处：《铁道标准设计》2024年第1期204-211,共8页Railway Standard Design

基　　金：中国铁路总公司科技研究开发计划-系统性重大项目(P2018G049)。

摘　　要：陶粒吸声板耐候性好、对环境影响小,是一种极具潜力的吸声材料,应用于金属声屏障需要深入研究其吸声、隔声性能。基于多孔材料的声学机理,通过振动加压成型技术,制备了陶粒吸声板,研究不同因素对其吸声、隔声性能的影响。测试结果表明:不同工况陶粒吸声板吸声系数、隔声量曲线趋势基本一致,中低频区段吸声系数逐渐增加,1000 Hz左右达到峰值,1000~5000 Hz吸声系数曲线存在波动及第二峰值;隔声量曲线基本呈先降低后增加趋势,区间存在波动,5000 Hz达到峰值;陶粒吸声板采用的陶粒粒径越小,吸声系数、隔声量越高;骨胶比由3.5提升至5.0,吸声系数、隔声量降低;降低水胶比,高频区段吸声系数增加明显,中高频隔声量降低明显;板厚增加,中高频段吸声系数曲线有向低频平移趋势,隔声量整体变化不大;陶粒吸声板放入金属外壳形成单元板后,吸声系数、隔声量较单一陶粒板整体提升显著。经过设计配比陶粒吸声板可以达到Ⅱ级吸声要求,同时兼具一定的隔声效果,放置入金属外壳组成声屏障单元板后,满足TB/T 3122—2019《铁路声屏障声学构件》标准要求,将陶粒吸声板用于金属声屏障吸声材料是可行的。Ceramsite-based sound-absorbing plates(CSP)are kind of potential sound-absorbing materials,having good weather resistance and little impact on the environment.Sound absorption and sound insulation properties of CSP need to be studied in depth when applying to metal sound barriers.Based on the acoustic mechanism of porous materials,CSP were trial produced by vibration compression molding technology.The effects of different factors on the sound absorption and sound insulation performance of CSP were studied.The results show that the trend of sound absorption coefficient and sound transmission loss curve of CSP of different factors is basically the same,the sound absorption coefficient in the medium and low frequency section gradually increases,reaching the peak at about 1000 Hz,then fluctuates and reaches the second peak between 1000 Hz and 5000 Hz.The sound transmission loss decreases first and then increases with fluctuations in the interval,reaching the peak at 5000 Hz;The smaller size of ceramsite,the higher the sound absorption coefficient and sound transmission loss of plates are.Larger bone-cement ratio results in lower performance of both sound absorption and sound insulation.The decrease of water-cement ratio results in larger sound absorption coefficient at high frequency,making the sound transmission loss at medium and high frequency decrease obviously.With the increase of plate thickness,the curve at high frequency range tends to shift to low frequency,the overall difference of sound transmission loss is not significant.The sound absorption coefficient and sound transmission loss of sound barrier unit plates(SBUP)which are formed by placing the CSP in metal shells are significantly higher than that of CSP.These plates can meet the class II sound-absorbing criterion,as well as having a good sound insulation performance with a certain mixture ratio.The sound absorption coefficient and sound transmission loss of SBUP using CSP can meet criteria of Acoustic elements of railway sound barrier.It is feasible t

关 键 词：陶粒吸声板 金属声屏障 粒径 骨胶比 水灰比 吸声系数 隔声量 

分 类 号：U260.16[机械工程—车辆工程]