结构钢锻件试棒性能等效性及其与组织关系研究  

Research on the validity of the equivalent forging test bars and its relationship with the structure for the structural steels

作　　者：张柯 党恩 张中旗 李亮 ZHANG Ke;DANG En;ZHANG Zhong-qi;LI Liang(Shool of Mechanical Engineering,Baoji University of Arts and Sciences,Baoji 721016,Shaanxi,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Evaluation of Robot Key Components,Baoji 721016,Shaanxi,China;Baoji Oilfield Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Baoji 721002,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]宝鸡文理学院机械工程学院,陕西宝鸡721016 [2]陕西省机器人关键零部件先进制造与评估省市共建重点实验室,陕西宝鸡721016 [3]宝鸡石油机械有限责任公司,陕西宝鸡721002

出　　处：《宝鸡文理学院学报（自然科学版）》2023年第4期47-52,共6页Journal of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金-面上项目(82072075);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2021JQ-809);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2021GY-326)。

摘　　要：目的研究相同锻造工序下结构钢等效试棒低倍组织、微观金相组织与力学性能,分析组织与性能关系,探讨等效试棒代表锻件性能的有效性,给出合理试棒锻造工序建议。方法依据等效试棒锻造规范锻制结构钢锻件等效试棒,在规定位置取样测试力学性能,切取横截面制备低倍组织试片,观测分析试棒低倍组织流线及金相组织;对比分析试棒组织与性能关系。结果不同等效试棒金相组织均为正常调质态组织,但横截面低倍组织各异,等效试棒取样力学性能同样存在差异。结论结构钢锻件等效试棒力学性能差异缘于锻造操作导致的宏观组织流线不同及变形不均,保证试棒等效性必须尽量减小不同试棒间性能不确定性,这就要求等效试棒锻造中各方向均匀变形,并在工艺执行中严格规范。Purposes—To investigate the relationship between mechanical properties and structures of equivalent test bars for structural steels under the same forging process through systematic experiments on the macrostructure,microstructure,and mechanical properties,to analyze the validity of the equivalent test bars,and to make the reasonable suggestions on the forging processes of test bars.Methods—The equivalent test bars for structural steel were obtained according to the same forging specifications of the forged workpiece.The mechanical properties were tested for the specimens which were cut from the required location of various equivalent test bars.The cross sections of the equivalent test bars were etched to show the forging flow line.The microstructures of the specimens were observed with optical microscope.Results—The similar normal quenched and tempered microstructures were obtained for each equivalent test bars.But there were differences in the mechanical properties and macrostructures among various equivalent test bars.Conclusions—The mechanical property differences are mainly caused by the different forging flow lines and non-uniform deformation that arise from the forging operation of the equivalent test bars.To ensure the validity of equivalent test bars,the uncertainty of properties between different test bars shall be minimized as much as possible,which requires the strict execution of the forging specification and uniform deformation in all directions of equivalent test bar during their forging.

关 键 词：锻造 等效试棒 结构钢 组织性能关系 

分 类 号：TG317[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]