土壤耕作方式对冬小麦根系生理特性的影响  

Effects of Soil Tillage Methods on Physiological Characteristics of Root System of Winter Wheat

作　　者：于丽娜 戈秋妹 任莹 韩欣芃 尹宝重[2] YU Li-na;GE Qiu-mei;REN Ying;HAN Xin-peng;YIN Bao-zhong(Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Zaoqiang County,Zaoqiang County 053100,China;College of Plant Protection,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;College of Life Sciences,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]枣强县农业农村局,衡水枣强053100 [2]河北农业大学植物保护学院,河北保定071001 [3]河北农业大学生命科学学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2023年第6期35-40,共6页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300505)。

摘　　要：为了明确轮耕对土壤小麦根系活力和活跃吸收面积比例的影响,2020~2021年小麦季,在辛集市马兰农场,通过大田试验方式,选择前期已进行耕作处理连续3 a的麦田进行不同的土壤耕作方式处理,耕作方式设连年深松(S)、隔年深松(SR)、隔2 a深松(SRRS)和连年旋耕(R,CK)4个处理,测定了各土壤耕作方式下不同土层深度的小麦根系活力和活跃吸收面积比例,并分析了小麦根系活力与根系活跃吸收面积比例的相关性。结果表明:(1)旋耕或旋耕/深松交替的地块,均有利于提高0~15 cm土层的小麦根系活跃吸收面积比例;而深松/旋耕交替,尤其是隔年深松,有利于提高15~45 cm土层的小麦根系活跃吸收面积比例。(2)旋耕(R)有利于提高0~15 cm土层土壤的小麦根系活力,而旋耕与深松交替(SR或SRRS)处理则利于提高15~60 cm土层的小麦根系活力,平均较单独深松或旋耕处理提高33.3%和16.9%。(3)根系活力在不同土层相关性较高,上层与下层根系活力具有显著正相关(平均r为0.68~0.90);活跃根系吸收面积比例在上下土层之间相关性较差。在连续采用小麦季旋耕、玉米季免耕的小麦—玉米一年两熟种植区,隔年深松可有效提高小麦根系活力,增大小麦根系活跃吸收面积的比例,具备大面积推广应用的潜力。In order to clarify the effects of crop rotation on root activity and active absorption area ratio of wheat,different soil tillage methods were carried out in the wheat field that had been previously cultivated for 3 consecutive years at Malan Farm in Xinji City from 2020 to 2021.The tillage methods included four treat-ments:continuous deep loosening(S),deep loosening every other year(SR),deep loosening every two years(SRRS),and continuous rotary tillage(R,CK),The root activity and active absorption area ratio of wheat at different soil depths under different tillage methods were measured,and the correlation between root activity and active absorption area ratio of wheat under different tillage methods were analyzed.The results indicated that:(1)plots with rotary tillage or rotary tillage/deep loosening alternation were beneficial for increasing the propor-tion of root active absorption area in the 0-15 cm soil layer.The alternation of deep loosening/rotary tillage,es-pecially the deep loosening every other year,was beneficial for increasing the proportion of active root absorp-tion area in the 15-45 cm soil layer.Rotary tillage was beneficial for increasing the root activity of wheat in the 0-15 cm soil layer,while the alternate treatment of rotary tillage and deep loosening was beneficial for in-creasing the root activity of the 15-60 cm soil layer,with an average increase of 33.3%and 16.9%com-pared to the single deep loosening or rotary tillage treatment.(3)The root activity had a high correla-tion in different soil layers,and there was a signifi-cant positive correlation between the root activity in the upper and lower layers(with an averager of 0.68-0.90).The proportion of active root absorption area had poor correlation between the upper and lower soil layers.In the double cropping planting areas of wheat and maize with rotary tillage in wheat season and no-tillage in maize season,deep loosening every other year can effectively improve root vitality,increase the proportion of active root absorption area,and

关 键 词：冬小麦 土壤耕作方式 根系活力 根系活跃吸收面积 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]