夏枯草多倍体的诱导与鉴定  

Induction and Identification of Polyploids in Prunella vulgaris

作　　者：齐琳琳 温春秀[1] 刘灵娣[1] 姜涛 QI Lin-lin;WEN Chun-xiu;LIU Ling-di;JIANG Tao(Institute of Cash Crops,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Medicinal Plants Technology Innovation Center,Shijiangzhuang 050051,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所/河北省药用植物工程技术研究中心,河北石家庄050051

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2023年第6期78-82,共5页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-21)。

摘　　要：为了提高夏枯草药材的品质和产量,进行了多倍体育种技术的研究。以夏枯草种子繁育的幼苗为试验材料,用秋水仙素作为诱导剂对生长点进行处理,通过改变药剂浓度和处理时间2个因素,研究了秋水仙素对夏枯草的诱导效果;并对通过倍性鉴定获得的多倍体夏枯草,进行了田间农艺性状调查和主要有效成分迷迭香酸含量测定。结果表明:用0.05%秋水仙素溶液处理夏枯草生长点4 d,诱导效果最好,诱变率达到16.00%;变异植株经根尖染色体鉴定为四倍体植株,染色体数目为2n=4x=56;四倍体植株较二倍体植株叶片厚大、皱缩,叶色浓绿,果穗短粗,种子大且饱满,有效成分含量高。本研究获得了5个夏枯草多倍体株系,为新品种选育提供了种质材料。In order to improve the quality and yield of Prunella vulgaris,polyploid breeding techniques were studied.Using seedlings propagated from P.vulgaris seeds as experimental materials,the growth points were treated with colchicine as an inducer.The induction effect of colchicine on P.vulgaris was studied by changing the concentration and treatment time of the inducer.And the field agronomic traits of polyploid P.vulgaris obtained through ploidy identification were investigated and the content of the main active ingredient rosmarinic acid was determined.The results showed that treating the growth points of P.vulgaris with 0.05%colchicine solution for 4 days had the best induction effect,with a mutation rate of 16.00%.The mutant plants were identi-fied as tetraploid plants by root tip chromosome analysis,with a chromosome number of 2n=4x=56.Tetraploid plants have thicker and more wrinkled leaves than diploid plants,with thick green leaves,short and thick fruit ears,large and plump seeds,and high content of active ingredients.5 polyploid lines of P.vulgaris were ob-tained in this study,providing germplasm materials for the breeding of new varieties.

关 键 词：夏枯草 秋水仙素 多倍体 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]