劳动力流动对民族地区易地搬迁人口多维贫困脆弱性的影响——来自藏羌彝走廊12239户易地扶贫搬迁家庭的微观证据  

The Impact of Labor Mobility on Multidimensional Poverty Vulnerability of Relocated People in Ethnic Minority Areas:Micro Evidence from 12239 Relocated Households for Poverty Alleviation in the Tibetan-Qiang-Yi Corridor

作　　者：廖桂蓉[1] 盛伟[1] 周灵灵 Liao Guirong;Sheng Wei;Zhou Lingling(School of Economics,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu,610041,Sichuan;Development Research Center of the State Council,Beijing,100010,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学经济学院,四川成都610041 [2]国务院发展研究中心,北京100010

出　　处：《民族学刊》2023年第7期74-90,161,共18页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“多维贫困脆弱性视角下藏羌彝走廊易地搬迁人口的可持续生计研究”(20YJA840011);国家社会科学基金重大项目“以深化改革促进全体人民共同富裕研究”(22ZDA030)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文将牛津大学贫困与人类发展中心的贫困脆弱性方法融入多维贫困AF方法中,基于藏羌彝走廊12239户易地扶贫搬迁家庭微观数据,从收入、资产、健康、教育、社会融合五个维度测度易地扶贫搬迁人口的多维贫困脆弱性,考察劳动力流动对多维贫困脆弱性的抑制作用,并从收入增长机制探讨劳动力流动及流动强度对抑制多维贫困脆弱性的中介效应。研究表明:劳动力流动能够显著降低易地搬迁人口发生多维贫困与多维贫困脆弱性的概率,可以有效巩固脱贫攻坚成果;多维贫困脆弱性高的家庭,劳动力流动的减贫效应更大,流动强度越高导致的多维贫困脆弱性的抑制效果越好;从个体异质性看,年龄越低或者受教育程度越高的劳动力群体,流动对降低多维贫困脆弱性的边际效应更显著;流动距离对多维贫困脆弱性的边际影响呈现“U”型特征,保持适度流动距离更有助于降低多维贫困脆弱性。Based on the micro-data of 12,239 relocated households for poverty alleviation in the Tibetan-Qiang-Yi Corridor,this paper measures the vulnerability to multidimensional poverty of workers in terms of income,assets,health,education,and social integration.In addition,it systematically examines the effect of labor flow on the reduction of multidimensional poverty vulnerability in ethnic minority areas and adopts the method of instrumental variables to try to solve the endogenous problem.From the perspective of income growth mechanisms,this paper discusses the mediating effect of labor mobility and its intensity on decreasing the vulnerability to multidimensional poverty.Compared with non-migrant labor,the study found that the vulnerability to multidimensional poverty of migrant labor was reduced by 0.065 on average,and the longer the laborers went out for work,the stronger the lessening effect on vulnerability to multidimensional poorness.Based on the findings of this study,this paper additionally discusses relevant policy implications.When it comes to the implementation of poverty alleviation relocation programs,it could be noticed that after being relocated,the resettled families had their own new homes and didn't have to worry about the safety of the house,water sanitation,and the potential impact of natural disasters.Most of the new settlements are located in places with accessible and well-functioning transportation.The“geographical contraction effect”generated by relocation has been conducive to reducing the distance between the relocated population and the local economic center,while convenient transportation facilities have reduced the transportation time and travel expenses of migrant workers.In the process of migrant work,employees not just have been able to improve their own human capital level through the spillover effect of human capital such as knowledge and skills:This has also effectively reduced multidimensional poverty vulnerability for themselves and their families by directly enjoying a high

关 键 词：多维贫困脆弱性 劳动力流动 易地扶贫搬迁 藏羌彝走廊 

分 类 号：F127.8[经济管理—世界经济]