欧美应对气候变化的司法审查制度及其镜鉴  

American and European Judicial Review to Address Climate Change and Its Implications

作　　者：胡炜 Hu Wei

机构地区：[1]广州大学法学院,510006

出　　处：《世界社会科学》2023年第5期87-99,243,244,共15页SOCIAL SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“人权法视角下国家适应气候变化的治理策略研究”(19BFX207)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：美国存在《清洁空气法》等制定法,但其空气污染诉讼主要以判例法的形式展开,法院在审查空气污染案件时采用形式审查与实质审查相结合的方式。欧盟应对气候司法审查的关键在于对各成员国有关强制减排制度的司法审查,欧盟法院在法律适用上也是以判例法为主,重视均衡原则的适用。“双碳”战略下,无论是依据环境政策对企业限期整改、关停并转、优化提升,抑或依据法律对私主体进行的环境影响评价、环境行政处罚等行政行为,均极大地影响了行政相对人的权益,加强环境司法审查对以法治方式推进美丽中国建设具有极大的保障作用。中国特色的行政诉讼制度,对行政决策依据的规范性文件予以审查,从功能实现的角度起到了与欧美司法审查近似的功能。欧美应对气候变化司法审查均以判例法的形式展开,这也意味着我国指导性案例还有更大的挖掘空间。中国应对气候变化司法审查的实施重点在于:坚持习近平生态文明思想、完善制定法的具体规定、阐发相应的法律原则、综合运用指导性案例的作用和充分发挥能动司法的功能。In the process of achieving the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality,the administrative acts such as urging enterprises to rectify and upgrade,relocating private entities,environmental impact assessment of private entities in accordance with law,greatly affect the rights and interests of administrative counterparts.Strengthening environmental judicial review provides a great guarantee for promoting the building of a Beautiful China by rule of law.Although the United States also has such statutory laws as the Clean Air Act,its air pollution litigation is conducted in the form of case law,and the court adopts the legal method of combining formal review with substantive review when reviewing air pollution cases.The European Court of Justice also places the polluter pays principle under the principle of equilibrium,mainly based on case law.The administrative litigation system with Chinese characteristics reviews the normative documents in the administrative decision-making process.From the perspective of function realization,this serves a function similar to that of the judicial review in Europe and the United States.Judicial review on climate change in Europe and the United States is based on case law,its implication is that there is room for China to explore guiding cases.China should adhere to the following principles in its judicial review on climate change:adhering to Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization,improving specific provisions of enacted laws,clarifying the corresponding legal principles,comprehensively applying the guiding cases and giving full play to the function of active justice.

关 键 词：气候变化 双碳目标 环境司法 司法审查 指导性案例 欧美 

分 类 号：D971.23[政治法律—法学]