欧盟碳中和立法及其对我国的挑战和启示  

EU's Climate Legislation to Fulfill Carbon Neutrality:Its Challenges and Implications

作　　者：张宝[1] Zhang Bao

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院、双碳法治与经济研究院,430074

出　　处：《世界社会科学》2023年第5期100-117,244,共19页SOCIAL SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“土地收储中的政府环境责任研究”(19BFX179)的阶段性成果;中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2722023DQ002)资助。

摘　　要：欧盟一直是气候变化政策和法律的倡导者和先行者。其气候政策与法律的推进可以分为《联合国气候变化框架公约》出台之前的间接减排模式、《京都议定书》出台之后以降碳为中心的强制减排模式以及《巴黎气候协定》出台以来以碳中和为目标的自主承诺模式。自提出2050年建成“碳中和大陆”以来,欧盟积极推进碳中和立法,实施“绿色新政”,出台《欧洲气候法》,并启动“Fit for 55”一揽子立法计划,形成了以碳排放权交易制度、气候行动评估制度和公众参与制度为核心的制度体系。欧盟碳中和立法对我国而言既有挑战,也有启发,我国需要对欧盟在引领塑造全球气候治理秩序以及实行碳边境调节机制等方面带来的挑战予以积极回应,同时也可以借鉴欧盟应对气候变化的有益经验制定《碳中和促进法》,为实现“双碳”目标提供有力的法治保障。The EU has been an advocate and pioneer of climate change policy and law.The implementation of its climate policies and laws can be categorized into three modes:the indirect emission reduction mode prior to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,the mandatory mode of emission reduction centered on carbon reduction after the Kyoto Protocol,and autonomous commitment mode aiming at carbon neutrality since the Paris Agreement.Since the EU proposed to achieve the climateneutral Union by 2050,the EU has been actively promoting carbon neutral legislation,implementing the“Green Deal”,introducing the European Climate Law,and launching the“Fit for 55”legislative package,forming a system with carbon emission trading system,climate action assessment system and public participation system as the core.The EU's carbon neutrality legislation has both challenges and inspirations for China.China needs to actively respond to the challenges brought by the EU in leading the global climate governance order and implementing the carbon border adjustment.At the same time,China can draw on the useful experience of the EU in tackling climate change to formulate a Carbon Neutrality Promotion Law,which will provide a strong legal guarantee for the realization of the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.

关 键 词：碳中和 欧洲气候法 碳排放权交易 全球气候治理 

分 类 号：D95[政治法律—法学]