户籍制度下劳动力的经验人力资本:生命周期视角  

Experiential Human Capital under the Household Registration System:A Life Cycle Approach

作　　者：盖庆恩 胡涟漪 王美知 李承政 GAI Qing-en;HU Lian-yi;WANG Mei-zhi;LI Cheng-zheng(Institute of Finance and Economics, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics;Antai College of Economics & Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University;Institute for Economic and Social Research, Jinan University)

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学城市与区域科学学院、财经研究所 [2]上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院 [3]暨南大学经济与社会研究院

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2023年第11期62-80,共19页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“经济增速放缓下的农民工就业:面临的问题、影响程度与对策研究”(批准号72073087);上海市社会科学规划课题“区域经济一体化下的劳动流动及其影响研究”(批准号2020BJL001);上海市“曙光计划”项目“县域城乡融合下的乡村振兴研究”(批准号22SG32)。

摘　　要：劳动力大规模流动对中国的经济增长至关重要,但户籍制度下流动劳动力与本地劳动力在城镇劳动力市场面临的就业约束不同,这将导致二者在经验人力资本积累等方面存在差异。本文使用中国居民收入调查(CHIP)数据,从生命周期的视角估计本地和流动劳动力的经验回报率,基于人力资本积累模型探讨二者回报率存在差异的原因,并强调流动劳动力的经验人力资本对中国经济增长和地区差异的重要影响。研究发现:流动劳动力的经验回报率显著低于本地劳动力。本地劳动力从5—40年的经验回报率为18.32%—57.19%,而流动劳动力对应的经验回报率仅为11.29%—40.60%。流动劳动力接受正规教育的年限更短,参加工作后的人力资本投入更低,从而导致其人力资本回报率低于本地劳动力。核算结果表明,忽视流动劳动力与本地劳动力间的人力资本差异将导致全要素生产率对经济增长的贡献被低估1.99%,对省际经济发展差距的解释力被低估1.16%。本文为提升流动劳动力的人力资本积累、培育经济增长的新动力提供了理论依据和重要的政策启示。Human capital is a critical factor driving economic growth,but there are significant differences in the accumulation of human capital among different types of workers under the household registration system.Considering the large number and uneven spatial distribution of China's migrant workers,their accumulation of human capital has a significant impact on China's economic growth and regional differences.Previous research overlooked the role of work experience in human capital.The paper focuses on experience in human capital,exploring the experiential human capital of labor under the household registration system from a life-cycle approach.The paper uses data from the China Household Income Project(CHIP)to estimate returns to experience of local and migrant workers from a lifecycle approach,provides explanations for the disparities in returns based on a human capital accumulation model,and conducts growth accounting and development accounting for the Chinese economy to emphasize the key role of migrant workers'experiential capital in China's economic growth and regional disparities.The empirical results show that the return on experience for migrant workers is significantly lower than that of local workers.Local workers'experiential returns range from 18.32%to 57.19%over 5 to 40 years of experience,while migrant workers'experiential returns only range from 11.29%to 40.60%.According to the numerical simulation results of the Ben-Porath model,migrant workers spend less time in formal education and invest less in human capital after entering the workforce,which results in lower human capital returns than that of local workers.The growth and development accounting results indicate that neglecting the differences in human capital between migrant and local workers leads to an underestimation of 1.99%in the contribution of total factor productivity(TFP)to economic growth and an underestimation of 1.16%in the explanatory power of economic development disparities between provinces.This study suggests that it is necessary

关 键 词：工作经验 流动劳动力 人力资本积累 生命周期 

分 类 号：F124[经济管理—世界经济]