湖南郴州丹霞地貌景观特征、成因及演化探讨  

New Perspectives of the Features,Formation,and Evolution of the Special Danxia Landscape in Chenzhou,Hunan

作　　者：黄乐清 吴驰华[4] 周丽芸 金妮 彭世良 胡能勇 杨长明 陈杰 HUANG Leqing;WU Chihua;ZHOU Liyun;JIN Ni;PENG Shiliang;HU Nengyong;YANG Changming;CHEN Jie(Geological Survey Institute of Hunan Province,Changsha,Hunan 410116,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Paleontology and Geological Environment Evolution,Wuhan,Hubei 430205,China;Institute of Geological Survey,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan,Hubei 430074,China;PAGODA Research Group(Plateau&Global Desert Basins Research Group),Institute of Sedimentary Geology,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu,Sichuan 610059,China;Hunan Center of Natural Resources Affairs,Changsha,Hunan 410004,China;Mineral Resources Investigation Institute of Hunan Province,Changsha,Hunan 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省地质调查所,湖南长沙410116 [2]古生物与地质环境演化湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430205 [3]中国地质大学地质调查研究院,湖北武汉430074 [4]成都理工大学沉积地质研究院PAGODA研究小组(高原与全球沙漠盆地研究组),四川成都610059 [5]湖南省自然资源事务中心,湖南长沙410004 [6]湖南省矿产资源调查所,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《现代地质》2023年第6期1680-1694,共15页Geoscience

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目“湖南衡阳-攸茶盆地白垩纪晚期沙漠沉积记录及古气候环境演化”(2021JJ30388);中国地质调查局古生物与地质环境演化湖北省重点实验室开放基金项目(PEL-202203);湖南省地质院科研项目(HNGSTP202322);湖南省创新型省份科普专题项目(2022ZK4207)。

摘　　要：湖南郴州飞天山—高椅岭丹霞地貌是华南地区特色景点之一,以圆顶岩丘景观为特点,与目前常规丹霞地貌存在显著差异。然而,关于其地貌特色、成因机理及演变过程等依然缺乏详细的研究,这与其社会知名度及特殊地貌蕴涵的科学价值不相符。本研究通过野外实地调查,查明飞天山—高椅岭丹霞地貌由石寨、岩丘、赤壁、石柱、石墙和洞穴及线状沟槽等7种地貌亚类型组成。研究区东、西两侧丹霞景观差异大,在景区东侧,以圆顶岩丘、石寨等特色地貌占主导地位,发现其构景岩层为风成沙漠相砂岩,发育巨型交错层理、小尺度的粒流层和波纹层等典型风成沉积构造。而景区西侧则为“顶斜、陡坎和麓缓”峰林型丹霞地貌景观,岩石类型以冲积扇相块状砾岩为主。不同的岩相类型,是造成景区东、西两侧景观差异的主要因素,后来叠加喜马拉雅期多期次构造改造、水流侵蚀和风化崩塌等作用而最终形成多样化的地貌形态。面积高程积分模型(HI)分析结果表明景区丹霞地貌整体处于老年早期的残丘阶段。综合分析提出了“沉积作用孕景→构造抬升造景→地表营力雕景”的三阶段成景模式。本研究旨在解析丹霞地貌的成因,提升景区丹霞地貌品牌内涵;研究成果有助于深化对华南湿润气候区岩丘状丹霞特色景观的理解,为华南白垩纪丹霞地貌地质遗迹的开发利用提供科学指导与借鉴。The Feitianshan-Gaoyiling area in Chenzhou(Hunan Province)is a prominent attraction in South China,known for its distinctive Danxia landform.Unlike typical Danxia landscapes,this area features distinct dome mounds.However,despite its social popularity and scientific value of its unique geomorphology,detailed studies on its geomorphological features,internal genetic mechanism,and evolution have long been overlooked.Through field investigations,we discovered that the Danxia landform in the Feitianshan-Gaoyiling area has seven geomorphological subtypes,including stone village,rock mound,Chibi,stone column,stone wall,cave,and linear trench.Notably,the eastern and western sides of the study area display distinct differences in the Danxia landscape.The eastern side is dominated by dome mounds and stone villages,where the structural strata comprise of eolian desert-facies sandstone,characterized by significant eolian sedimentary structures such as giant staggered bedding,small-scale granular flow layers,and corrugated layers.Meanwhile,the western side of the area features a“top slope,steep slope,foot gentle”peak forest-type Danxia landscape,primarily composed of alluvial fan massive conglomerates.The variations in lithofacies types between the eastern and western sides are the main factors contributing to the diverse geomorphological forms,developed through multistage tectonic transformation,water erosion,weathering,and collapse in the Himalayan period.Using the analysis of the area elevation integral model(HI),we determined that the local Danxia landform is in the early residual hill stage of old age.Accordingly,we propose a three-stage landscape model of“sedimentation pregnant landscape-tectonic uplift landscaping-surface force carving landscape”,to analyze the Danxia landform origin and enhance the brand connotation of Danxia scenic landforms.We aim to better understanding in the distinctive landscape of rock-like Danxia in the humid South China climatic region,and to provide scientific guidance and reference

关 键 词：风成沙漠相 丹霞地貌 飞天山—高椅岭景区 地貌演化 湖南郴州 

分 类 号：P512[天文地球—地质学] P534.53P931