有机肥对煤矿复垦土壤团聚体碳氮磷含量及细菌群落的影响  

Effects of manures on carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus content and bacterial community in reclaimed soil aggregates

作　　者：孙晓东 栗海鹏 高文俊[2] 张杰[1] 徐明岗 郝鲜俊[1] SUN Xiao-dong;LI Hai-peng;GAO Wen-jun;ZHANG Jie;XU Ming-gang;HAO Xian-jun(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China;College of Grassland Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西农业大学草业学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2023年第12期2193-2207,共15页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41601327);山西省基础研究计划项目(20210302123414);山西省重点研发计划项目(202102140601010-5);山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2016ZZ14);山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2023-090)。

摘　　要：【目的】施用有机肥可以有效改善煤矿复垦土壤肥力低、团聚体数量少和土壤微生物活性低的问题。研究施用不同有机肥对复垦土壤团聚体中碳氮磷养分及细菌群落变化特征的影响,为复垦土壤合理培肥提供科学依据。【方法】依托山西省孝义市采煤塌陷区进行5年的定位培肥试验,供试作物为玉米。田间试验设施用鸡粪、猪粪、牛粪、化肥4个处理,另设一个不施肥对照。施肥处理每年养分总投入量为N 200 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)100 kg/hm^(2)、K2O 100 kg/hm^(2),有机肥用量以P_(2)O_(5)100 kg/hm^(2)为标准折算,氮、钾不足部分以化肥补充。在第5年玉米收获后,采集0—20 cm土壤样品,以干筛法将土壤样品分为>2 mm、0.25~2 mm和<0.25 mm 3个粒径组,通过常规化学方法测定各粒径土壤团聚体中碳、氮、磷养分含量,采用16S rRNA高通量测序法测定细菌群落及相对丰度。【结果】1)与CK相比,化肥处理显著降低了>2 mm团聚体比例,有机肥处理则提高了>2 mm团聚体比例,其中鸡粪处理的增幅达到显著水平。鸡粪、猪粪和牛粪处理较化肥处理>2 mm团聚体比例分别提高了35.56%、22.32%和20.25%。施肥显著增加了各粒径团聚体中碳、氮、磷养分含量。在>2 mm团聚体中,有机肥处理的可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量较化肥处理平均提升了42%,猪粪处理DOC含量较鸡粪和牛粪处理分别显著提升了28%和40%;在0.25~2 mm团聚体中,有机肥处理的全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、微生物量氮(SMBN)和微生物量磷(SMBP)增幅平均分别为41%、73%、42%和260%(P<0.05),上述各指标的提升幅度均表现为鸡粪>猪粪≥牛粪;在<0.25 mm团聚体中,有机肥处理对有机碳(SOC)、速效磷(AP)和微生物量碳(SMBC)的增幅平均分别为75%、373%和124%,对SOC和SMBC的提升均表现为猪粪>鸡粪≥牛粪,猪粪处理的SOC含量较鸡粪和牛粪分别高24%和23%,SMBC含量分别高23%和21%,而鸡粪对SMBP的提升幅度最大【Objectives】Applying manures can effectively improve the fertility,aggregates number and microbial activities of reclaimed soils.We investigated the effects of different manures on the carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus contents and bacteria communities in the aggregates of a reclaimed soil.【Methods】A field experiment was carried out in the coal mining subsidence area of Xiaoyi City,Shanxi Province for 5 consecutive years.The experiment treatments contained blank control,chicken manure,pig manure,cow manure,and chemical fertilizer(CF).The total annual nutrient inputs were N 200 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)100 kg/hm^(2),and K_(2)O 100 kg/hm^(2)for all the four fertilizer treatments,the manure application amount was calculated by P_(2)O_(5)100 kg/hm^(2),the gaps for N and K2O were supplemented with chemical fertilizers.After maize harvest on the fifth year,0−20 cm soil samples were collected,and divided into three particle sizes(>2 mm,0.25−2 mm and<0.25 mm)using dry screening method.The soil organic carbon(SOC),dissolved organic carbon(DOC),total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorous(TP),available phosphorous(AP),microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen and phosphorous(SMBC,SMBN and SMBP)in each particle size were analysed using conventional methods,and the relative abundance of bacterial communities were calculated using 16S rRNA high throughput sequencing method.【Results】1)Compared to CK,CF significantly reduced,while manures increased the proportion of>2 mm aggregates,and the increment in chicken manure treatment reached significant level.In addition,manures significantly increased the proportion of>2 mm aggregates,compared to CF,the increment in chicken,pig,and cow manure treatments were 35.56%,22.32%and 20.25%,respectively.Fertilization substantially elevated the C,N,and P contents in all the three particle sizes of aggregates,manures exhibited more pronounced increment than CF,with increase of SOC 50%,TN 15%,TP 43%on average,respectively.In>2 mm aggregates,manures resulted in 42%higher DOC than CF,and pig manure result

关 键 词：有机肥 复垦土壤 团聚体 碳 氮 磷 PICRUSt功能预测 细菌群落 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] S154.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]