田间老化生物质炭对黄土高原旱作农田土壤有机氮组分的影响  被引量:1

Effects of field-aged biochar on soil organic nitrogen fractions in dry farmland of Loess Plateau

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作  者:潘占东 蔡雪梅 蔡立群 董博[4] 武均[2,3] 张仁陟[2,3] PAN Zhan-dong;CAI Xue-mei;CAI Li-qun;DONG Bo;WU Jun;ZHANG Ren-zhi(College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Dryland Agriculture Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China)

机构地区:[1]甘肃农业大学林学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,甘肃兰州730070 [4]甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出  处:《植物营养与肥料学报》2023年第12期2219-2231,共13页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基  金:国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD190070403-04);定西市科技计划项目(DX2023BR22);甘肃农业大学青年导师基金项目(201703-DAN-QNDS)。

摘  要:【目的】研究田间老化生物质炭对土壤有机氮组分及微生物生物量碳氮的影响,为生物质炭在陇中黄土高原地区培肥改良土壤、提高氮肥利用效率方面的应用提供科学依据。【方法】2015年在甘肃农业大学旱作农业综合试验站开展定位试验,试验包含6个玉米秸秆生物质炭添加量:0、10、20、30、40、50 t/hm^(2),依次记为CK、BC1、BC2、BC3、BC4、BC5处理。2020年小麦收获后(第5茬),调查了春小麦产量,采集0—5、5—10和10—30 cm土层土壤,用Bremner法测定有机氮组分及微生物生物量碳、氮含量。【结果】施用生物质炭5年后依然能显著提高春小麦产量,以BC3处理春小麦产量最高,较CK显著提高了24.76%。与CK相比,生物质炭处理土壤全氮(TN)和微生物生物量碳(MBC)分别显著增加6.55%~10.94%、68.63%~139.74%,微生物生物量碳氮比(BC/BN)增加10.60%~202.44%。有机氮各组分占比表现为:氨基酸态氮(AAN)>非酸解氮(AIN)>酸解铵态氮(AMN)>酸解未知态氮(UAN)>氨基糖态氮(ASN),分别占土壤全氮的27.46%~45.13%、15.47%~31.14%、19.00%~28.66%、1.59%~18.54%和2.76%~8.86%。其中三个酸解氮含量在5个生物质炭处理土壤中均表现为:AAN>AMN>ASN,BC2、BC3、BC4和BC5处理土壤AAN和ASN含量分别较CK显著提高17.58%~81.51%和43.60%~107.55%,BC2和BC3处理土壤AMN含量显著提高15.46%~28.95%。BC3处理土壤的酸解总氮(TAN)、AMN和ASN含量最高,AIN含量最低。【结论】土壤全氮及微生物生物量碳是影响有机氮组分差异的主要因素。10~50 t/hm^(2)施用量下,生物质炭均显著提高了土壤全氮及微生物生物量碳,施用生物质炭30 t/hm^(2)提高土壤酸解总氮、酸解铵态氮和氨基糖态氮含量的效果最显著,土壤供氮能力最强,春小麦产量最高。因此,在黄土高原旱作农业区,合理的生物质炭用量可长期提高土壤供氮能力。【Objectives】The effects of field-aged biochar on soil organic nitrogen components and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were studied to provide scientific basis for improving soil fertility and nitrogen use efficiency in the Loess Plateau of central Gansu.【Methods】The biochar experiment was carried out in Dry Farming Comprehensive Experimental Station of Gansu Agricultural University in 2015,six levels of corn straw biochar addition treatments were setup,as:0 t/hm^(2),10 t/hm^(2),20 t/hm^(2),30 t/hm^(2),40 t/hm^(2),50 t/hm^(2),and denoted as CK,BC1,BC2,BC3,BC4,and BC5,respectively.After 5 years of continuous planting of wheat harvest in 2020,soil samples were collected in 0-5 cm,5-10 cm and 10-30 cm soil layers for the determination of the contents of organic nitrogen components,microbial biomass carbon(MBC)and nitrogen(MBN)by Bremner method.The variation in soil organic nitrogen components,and MBC and MBN contents caused by biochar treatment were discussed.【Results】All the biochar treatments significantly increased the yields of spring wheat,BC3 was recorded the highest yield which was 24.76%higher than that of CK.Compared with CK,biochar treatments significantly increased soil total N and MBC by 6.55%−10.94%and 68.63%−139.7%,enhanced the MBC to MBN ratio by 10.60%−202.44%consequently.The organic nitrogen was divided ino five components:ammonia acid nitrogen(AAN),non-acidolysable nitrogen(AIN),acidolysable ammonia nitrogen(AMN),unknownacidolyzable nitrogen(UAN),and amino sugar nitrogen(ASN),accounting for 27.46%−45.13%,15.47%−31.14%,19.00%−28.66%,1.59%−18.54%,and 2.76%−8.86%of soil total nitrogen,respectively.The contents of the three acid hydrolysis nitrogen components in all the biochar treatments were in order of AAN>AMN>ASN.Compared with CK,the AAN and ASN contents in BC2,BC3,BC4 and BC5 treatments were significantly increased by 17.58%−81.51%and 43.60%−107.55%,AMN content in BC2 and BC3 treatments was significantly increased by 15.46%−28.95%.Among the treatments,The hig

关 键 词:老化生物质炭 黄土高原 旱作农田 有机氮组分 微生物生物量碳氮 

分 类 号:S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]

 

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