从劳动力迁移视角审视传统乡村向现代乡村的演化  

The Evolution of Traditional Villages to Modern Villages from the Perspective of Labor Migration

作　　者：王卫东[1] 王奕韬 李强[1] 罗仁福[2] Wang Weidong;Wang Yitao;Li Qiang;Luo Renfu(School of Economics and Management,Beijing Forestry University,100083,P.R.China;China Agriculture Policy Research Center,Peking University,Beijing,100871,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学经济管理学院 [2]北京大学中国农业政策研究中心

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期54-61,共8页Journal of Beijing Forestry University ：Social Sciences

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项“农村劳动力非农自雇对子女人力资本的影响及作用机制研究”(2023SKQ06)。

摘　　要：人口迁移是促进农村转型发展的重要驱动力,然而,鲜有研究从劳动力迁移视角审视中国的乡村如何从传统向现代演化。聚焦该议题,发现缺乏人口流动是传统乡村的典型特征,劳动力迁移使乡村原本可预期的以人情交换为主要特征的利益交换模式逐渐淡化,继而演化出以市场交易机制为主导的合作模式。但这并不意味着维系传统乡村熟人社会的机制不再发挥作用,村庄剩余人口间的互助与合作、迁移群体与村庄的联系以及“城归”群体作用的发挥均受到乡村熟人社会规则的约束。构建合适的体制机制,充分发挥市场的作用以及乡村剩余人口间信息对称的优势,促进农户间密切协作,是未来乡村治理的关键所在。同时,构建迁移人口与村庄的利益联结机制能够为乡村治理现代化提供更多可能。Population migration is an important driving force to promote rural transformation and development.However,few studies have examined how rural China evolves from traditional to modern from the perspective of labor migration.Focusing on this issue,this paper finds that the lack of population mobility is a typical characteristic of traditional villages.This paper argues that the migration of rural labor force has gradually weakened the expected benefit exchange model characterized by the exchange of favors in the countryside,and then evolved into a cooperation model dominated by the market transaction mechanism.However,this does not mean that the mechanisms that maintain the traditional acquaintance society are no longer functioning,but on the contrary,the mutual assistance and cooperation among the residual population of the village,the contact between the migrant group and the village,and the role of the returning group are all constrained by the rules of acquaintance society.The key to future rural governance is to build an appropriate institutional mechanism,give full play to the role of the market and the advantages of information symmetry among the remaining rural population,and promote close cooperation among farmers.At the same time,building a mechanism for linking interests between migrants and villages can provide more possibilities for the modernization of rural governance.

关 键 词：劳动力迁移 乡村治理 人情交换 市场机制 

分 类 号：F328[经济管理—产业经济]