巨厚煤层坚硬顶板抽冒型垮落岩层控制关键技术及应用  

Key technologies and applications for controlling caving collapse rock layers caused by hard roof in giant thick coal seams

作　　者：程蓬 Cheng Peng(CCTEG Coal Mining Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China;China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 10083,China;Tiandi Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工开采研究院有限公司,北京100013 [2]中国矿业大学(北京),北京100083 [3]天地科技股份有限公司,北京100013

出　　处：《能源与环保》2023年第12期34-40,47,共8页CHINA ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

基　　金：天地科技股份有限公司科技创新基金(2022-2-TD-MS013);天地科技股份有限公司科技创新创业专项项目(2021-TD-MS011);中煤科工开采研究院有限公司科技创新基金(KCYJY-2023-MS-07);国家自然科学基金项目(52004126)。

摘　　要：针对柴沟煤矿坚硬顶板巨厚煤层工作面初采阶段顶板抽冒型垮落导致的矿压、通风、地面破坏等系列问题,采用理论分析、现场测试、实验室试验、微震监测等手段,统计分析巨厚煤层开采过程中覆岩运动规律及特征,对巨厚煤层坚硬顶板围岩强度和结构参数特征进行测试分析,分析水力压裂对不同岩性破坏深度的影响,提出了巨厚煤层坚硬顶板抽冒性垮落及综合治理技术。在此基础上,提出巨厚煤层坚硬顶板抽冒型垮落防治手段,采用长距离水平定向钻孔区域压裂与浅孔工作面水力压裂初次放顶联合控制技术,对采煤工作面坚硬岩层大尺度全方位进行水力压裂预裂与卸压,促使巨厚煤层坚硬顶板在工作面初采阶段实现有序垮落。在柴沟煤矿1519工作面进行现场工业性试验,监测结果表明,采用“长距离水平孔区域压裂+浅孔水力压裂”联合控制技术后,工作面来压步距和强度明显降低,大的微震能量事件显著降低,避免了工作面在地表形成抽冒现象,安全经济效益显著。In response to the series of problems caused by roof caving collapse during the initial mining stage of the hard roof and the giant thick coal seam working face in Chaigou Coal Mine,such as mine pressure,ventilation,and ground damage,theoretical analysis,on-site testing,laboratory testing,microseismic monitoring and other methods were used to statistically analyze the laws and characteristics of overlying rock movement during the mining process of the thick coal seam.The strength and structural parameter characteristics of the hard roof surrounding rock in the giant thick coal seam were tested and analyzed,the impact of hydraulic fracturing on the depth of rock failure in different rock types were analyzed,and comprehensive treatment techniques for the caving collapse of hard roof in the giant thick coal seams were proposed.On this basis,a prevention and control method for the caving collapse of the hard roof of the giant thick coal seam was proposed,adopting a joint control technology of long-distance horizontal directional drilling area fracturing and shallow hole working face hydraulic fracturing for the first roof caving.The hydraulic fracturing pre fracturing and pressure relief of the hard rock layer in the coal mining working face were carried out in a large-scale and all-round manner,promoting the orderly collapse of the hard roof of the giant thick coal seam in the initial mining stage of the working face.Field industrial tests were conducted at the No.1519 working face of Chaigou Coal Mine.The monitoring results show that after adopting the joint control technology of"long-distance horizontal hole area fracturing+shallow hole hydraulic fracturing",the pressure step distance and strength of the working face are significantly reduced,and large microseismic energy events are significantly reduced,avoiding the formation of pumping phenomenon on the surface of the working face,and the safety and economic benefits are significant.

关 键 词：巨厚煤层 坚硬顶版 抽冒型垮落 顶板预裂 微震监测 

分 类 号：TD322[矿业工程—矿井建设]