航空机务人员噪声性听力损失的现状调查  

Investigation of the Current Situation of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss among Aviation Crews

作　　者：巩丰媛 党梓怡 黄凤月 张莉莉 刘军[4] 金占国 GONG Feng-yuan;Dang Zi-yi;Huang Feng-yue;ZHANG Li-li;LIU Jun;JIN Zhan-guo

机构地区：[1]空军特色医学中心航空航天眩晕诊疗研究中心,北京100142 [2]河北北方学院研究生院,张家口075000 [3]空军特色医学中心空天医学总体论证研究室,北京100140 [4]解放军总医院第七医学中心耳鼻咽喉科,北京100700

出　　处：《中国听力语言康复科学杂志》2024年第1期58-60,共3页Chinese Scientific Journal of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation

基　　金：全军医学科技青年培育项目(14QNP067);军队后勤科研重点项目(BKJ23WS1J002)。

摘　　要：目的探究噪声接触时长对听觉功能的影响,分析不同工龄航空机务人员的高频听力变化,明确噪声性听力损失的演变状况。方法依据工龄时间将187例男性航空机务人员分为0~5年(97例)、6~10年(43例)、>10年(47例)3组,进行纯音听力测试,分析各组单耳高频、双耳高频噪声性听力损失的发生率、高频平均听阈及听力损失演变情况。结果0~5年工龄组听力损失者26例,高频平均听阈为15.99±11.42 dB,单耳高频听力损失者12例,双耳高频听力损失者14例。6~10年工龄组听力损失者12例,高频平均听阈为15.90±10.89 dB,单耳高频听力损失者7例,双耳高频听力损失者5例。>10年工龄组听力损失者16例,高频平均听阈为20.56±12.61 dB,单耳高频听力损失者5例,双耳高频听力损失者11例。结论航空机务人员噪声性听力损失的发病率并未随工作时间延长而增加,高频气导平均听阈与工作时间呈显著相关性,发病多以单耳6 kHz开始,逐渐向其他高频扩展,随着噪声接触延长而发展为双耳噪声性聋且噪声性听力损失的程度逐渐加重。Objective Explore the impact of noise exposure duration on auditory function,analyze the high-frequency hearing changes of aviation crews with different service years,and clarify the evolution of noise-induced hearing loss.Methods 187 male aviation crews were divided into three groups based on their length of service,and pure tone hearing test was conducted to analyze the incidence of single ear high-frequency and binaural high-frequency noise-induced hearing loss,high-frequency average hearing threshold,and evolution of hearing loss in each group.Results There were 26 cases of hearing loss in the 0-5 year working group,with a high-frequency Pure-tone average of 15.99±11.42 dB,including 12 cases of high-frequency hearing loss in one ear and 14 cases of high-frequency hearing loss in both ears.Among the 43 cases with 6-10 years of work experience,there were 12 cases of hearing loss,with a high-frequency Pure-tone average of 15.90±10.89 dB,including 7 cases of high-frequency hearing loss in one ear and 5 cases of high-frequency hearing loss in both ears.Among the 47 cases with over 10 years of work experience,there were 16 cases of hearing loss,with a high-frequency Pure-tone average of 20.56±12.61 dB,including 5 cases of high-frequency hearing loss in the monaural and 11 cases of high-frequency hearing loss in the binaural.Conclusion The incidence rate of noise-induced hearing loss in aviation crew did not increase with the working time.The average hearing threshold of high-frequency air conduction was significantly correlated with the working time.The onset of noise-induced hearing loss began at 6 kHz in monaural,and gradually extended to other high frequencies.With the extension of noise exposure,it developed into binaural noise-induced hearing loss and the degree of noise-induced hearing loss gradually increased.

关 键 词：航空机务人员 听觉功能 纯音测听 噪声性聋 

分 类 号：R764.433[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]