虚假个人破产的刑法应对:一个前瞻性的分析  

Criminal Law Response to False Personal Bankruptcy: A Prospective Analysis

作　　者：赖隹文 Lai Zhuiwen(Law School Hainan University,Haikou Hainan 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学法学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《北京化工大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期71-80,共10页Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“我国犯罪附随后果的合宪性控制研究”(23XFX020);海南省哲学社会科学规划课题“自贸区(港)建设对经济刑法的挑战与应对研究”(HNSK[QN]19-22)。

摘　　要：虚假个人破产的法律规制在当前呈现出前置法先行、后盾法空白的特征,处于规范供给不足的状态。个人破产制度目前只在个别地方施行,这造成了制度分治与“两张皮”格局,刑法规制困境进一步加剧。据此,应渐进式地从解释论与立法论两种视域探索妥适的刑法应对之策。在解释论层面,虽可从手段行为与“目的”两个维度勉强适配具有关联性的罪名,但仍面临相当程度的现实适用困境,只能作为刑法应对的次优方案。由此合乎逻辑地进入到立法论的规则建构层面,具体分为两个步骤:首先,国家层面制定《个人破产法》,完善前置法以明确个人破产管理秩序之法益;其次,刑法增设“虚假个人破产罪”,把虚假个人破产行为类型化,进而实现对形式各异的虚假个人破产行为的全方位惩治。At present,the legal regulation of false personal bankruptcy presents the characteristics of prepositioning law in advance and without the backing-up law,and is in a state of insufficient supply of regulations.The personal bankruptcy system is currently only implemented in a few places,which has also caused the system to be divided and a“two skins”pattern,further exacerbating the dilemma of criminal law regulation.Based on this,appropriate criminal law countermeasures should be explored gradually from the perspectives of interpretive theory and legislative theory.On the interpretive level,although relevant charges can be barely adapted from the dimensions of means and“objective”,they still face a considerable degree of practical difficulties and can only be used as a suboptimal solution for criminal law in response.Therefore,it is logical to enter the rule construction level of legislative theory,which can be divided into two steps.Firstly,the Personal Bankruptcy Law should be formulated at the national level,and the prepositioning law should be improved to clarify the legal interests of the personal bankruptcy management order.Secondly,the criminal law adds the crime of“false personal bankruptcy”,categorizing the false personal bankruptcy behavior,and thus implementing comprehensive punishment for various forms of false personal bankruptcy behaviors.

关 键 词：前置法 后盾法 制度式逃债 目的视角 手段维度 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]