应对世界投资法律转型助力中国投资条约升级  

Upgrading China's International Investment Treaty Policy while Tackling the Problem of Transforming the International Investment Governance

作　　者：王朝恩[1] 陈虹睿[1] 单文华[1] WANG Chaoen;CHEN Hongrui;SHAN Wenhua(Law school,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学法学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期42-50,共9页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University：Social Sciences

摘　　要：中美投资条约谈判是中美两个大国间的一场世纪谈判。在世界投资条约制度面临合法性危机的背景下,中美两国开展投资条约谈判,无论谈判结果如何,都会对投资条约制度的改革、明确两国立场、促进中国投资条约政策升级产生深远影响。在此背景下,综合利用法政策学、法解释学和比较法学的方法,对升级中国投资条约的动力机制、政策选择和升级版的中国投资条约的核心规则进行了深入研究,形成打造第四代中国投资条约的对策建议。研究发现:(1)中国升级投资条约具有经济、政治和国际关系治理上的三重动因。在经济上,中国对外投资的增长,要求中国升级投资条约以适应从资本输入国向兼具资本输入与输出国身份的转换。在政治上,中国实施全面深化改革的目标,赋予其将投资领域投资条约升级作为“以开放促改革”的重要手段的价值。在国际关系治理上,提升国际规则制定话语权需要中国以升级投资条约来应对。(2)中国升级投资条约应采取均衡自由主义的政策取向。中国应进一步提升投资自由化,同时保障投资者与东道国之间权利义务的平衡,在准入阶段赋予外国投资国民待遇的同时实施负面清单管理。(3)以均衡自由主义为标准,形成升级中国投资条约的具体规则建议。其中,在公平与公正待遇条款上,将公平与公正待遇与国际法最低待遇标准相联系,进一步明确该条款的内涵。在征收和赔偿条款上,将被征收投资的公平市场价值作为认定征收赔偿额的标准,并明确限定间接征收的认定标准。在社会责任条款上,突出纳入社会责任条款的必要性,又应谨慎对待此类条款的约束力、强制力和可仲裁性。在争端解决条款上,既进一步丰富完善投资仲裁规则,减少规则解释弹性,又通过发展国家间争端解决机制来应对新型投资争端,防止争端解决政治化。The negotiation on bilateral investment treaty(BIT)between China and the US was critical for both parties.The deep influence of this negotiation over the innovation of the regime of international investment law,the clarification of the standing points of both two countries,and the up-gradation of China's policy over its investment treaty shall not be underestimated.Under such a background,methodologies of rechtspolitik,hermeneutics and comparative law were employed to study on the dynamics,policy choice for China to upgrade its BIT and a version of such upgraded BIT was discussed and named as the fourth generation Chinese BIT.Certain core provisions of the foresaid fourth generation Chinese BIT was illustrated in detail in the current paper.This study found that:(1)economical,domestic political,and international political considerations are the three main driving powers for China to upgrade its BIT policy.Economically,the accumulation of outbound investment requires China to modify its BIT policy to adapt to its role shift from a net capital importer to a capital importer-exporter.Domestic politically,the target-setting to realize a deepening and comprehensive reform requires China to emphasize the weight of upgrading its BIT as a tool for“promoting reforms by the way of open-door”.For international political consideration,upgrading its BIT can improve China's power in the discourse of rules on international investment governance.(2)China should adopt a balanced and liberal approach in upgrading its BIT.China should improve its regulatory circumstance to facilitate the access of foreign investment while guaranteeing the balance between the rights of the foreign investor and the host states.In the phase of admission of investment,it could adopt the policy of national treatment+negative lists for admission toward foreign investment.(3)Based on the doctrine of balanced and liberal standard,a set of rules of Chinese BIT were proposed.Among which,for fair and equitable treatment(FET)clause,FET clause should be con

关 键 词：投资条约 投资仲裁 中美谈判 规则建构 投资自由化 政策选择 

分 类 号：D826[政治法律—政治学] F144[政治法律—外交学]