法律权力概念辩疑  

Debate on the Concept of Legal Power

作　　者：马驰[1] Ma Chi

机构地区：[1]天津商业大学法学院

出　　处：《南大法学》2024年第1期43-58,共16页NanJing University Law Journal

摘　　要：权力是法律主体通过实施法律所规定宣告式言语行为、从而产生法律地位的资格,这里的法律地位与宣告式言语行为所包含的意愿相一致。法律权力概念具有普遍性,并非是由公法所专享的概念。法律权力既可以改变法律主体自身的法律地位,也可以改变他人的法律地位,且不以他人的同意为必要条件。法律权力具有构成性,它的核心在于使得行为人的意愿产生与之一致的法律地位,而不在于对行为人表达该意愿的行为加以规制。法律权力即便有时可以作为法律权利的构成因素,也不能将之视为法律权利的特殊形态,两者的内涵具有明显的差别。Legal power is the ability of legal subject to induce a legal position,which corresponds to the will contained in the declarative speech act,by the performance of a declarative speech act prescribed by law.The concept of legal power is a general term,not exclusive to public law.Legal power can change both the legal position of the legal subject itself and the legal positions of others,and does not require the consent of others as a necessary condition.Legal power is constitutive in that it centers on inducing legal position to the will of the actor,rather than on regulating the actor's act in expressing that will.Legal power,even if it may sometimes be a constituent element of legal rights,cannot be regarded as a special genre of legal rights,since the connotations of the two concepts are distinctly different.

关 键 词：法律权力 宣告式言语行为 构成性规则 权利 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]