被害人教义学的理论基础、解释方法与内在逻辑  

The Theoretical Basis,Interpretation Method and Logical Connotation of Victim Dogmatics

作　　者：徐前 王良顺[1] Xu Qian;Wang Liangshun

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院

出　　处：《南大法学》2024年第1期167-182,共16页NanJing University Law Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“刑事合规背景下单位刑事归责模式和归责条件研究”(23BFX114)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：被害人教义学自其问世以来一直都存在着争议与质疑。批评者主要从三个方面否定被害人教义学的正当性:被害人教义学曲解了辅助性原则的基本内涵、目的论限缩方法逾越了刑法规范核心语义范畴、被害人教义学实质上侵占了被害人的自由空间。事实上,将辅助性原则的内涵理解为包括被害人自我保护可能性在内的扩张性概念,既是从社会契约论以及刑罚权历史演变中得出的结果,也是当前预防刑法背景下坚持自由主义立场的必然选择。目的论限缩原则的正当性源于对立法目的的忠实维护,被害人教义学作为目的论限缩方法,通过充分考虑刑法具体规范目的,并以犯罪行为的应罚性和需罚性为判断标准,能够实现对犯罪构成要件的合理限缩。被害人教义学有其特定的适用场域,家长主义并不排斥公民自我保护,因而并未侵占被害人的自由空间;被害人教义学在尊重法益主体处分自由的基础上提升了其自治能力,促进了法益主体自由的实现。Victim dogmatics has been controversial and questioned since it came into being.Critics deny its legitimacy mainly from three aspects:victim dogmatics misinterprets the basic connotation of the principle of subsidiarity,teleology restriction exceeds the core semantic category of Criminal Law norms,and victim dogmatics essentially encroaches on the free space of victims.In fact,interpreting the principle of subsidiarity as an expansive concept including the possibility of self-protection of victims is not only the result obtained from the social contract theory and the historical evolution of the right of punishment,but also the inevitable choice to adhere to the liberal position under the current background of preventive Criminal Law.The legitimacy of teleology restriction principle comes from the faithful maintenance of the legislative purpose.As a method of teleology restriction,victim dogmatics can realize the reasonable restriction of the constituent elements of crime by fully considering the specific normative purpose of Criminal Law and taking the nature of criminal behavior that deserves punishment and needs punishment as the judgment standard.Victim dogmatics has its specific application field,paternalism does not exclude citizen self-protection,so it does not occupy the free space of victims.On the basis of respecting the subject's freedom of disposition,victim dogmatics promotes its autonomy and promotes the realization of the subject's freedom of disposition.

关 键 词：被害人教义学 辅助性原则 目的论限缩 自由处分 自治能力 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]