网球专项大学生不同握拍方式正手击球动作的运动学特征分析  

Analysis of Kinematic Characteristics of College Tennis Majors’Forehand Hit by Different Grip Models

作　　者：董取胜[1] 雷涛 苏健蛟 DONG Qu-sheng;LEI Tao;SU Jian-jiao(Sports Science&Technology,Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan 430205,China;College of Wushu,Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉体育学院体育科技学院,湖北武汉430205 [2]武汉体育学院武术学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《吉林体育学院学报》2023年第5期99-108,共10页Journal of Jilin Sport University

基　　金：湖北省教育规划科学研究重点项目“湖北省普通高校网球课堂教学方法与教学质量提升的实证研究”(2020-79);武汉体育学院2021年度中青年科研团队资助(21KT12)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨网球专项大学生正手击球时上肢关节运动学特征之间的差异,为规范正手击球时的技术动作及预防运动损伤的发生提供理论依据。方法:对45人次击球动作采用三维运动捕捉系统,采集东方式、半西方式和西方式三种握拍方式正手击球时的运动轨迹,运用分析软件对引拍、击球、随挥3个时段上肢关节的角度、角速度和球拍的位移、时间、速度进行处理与分析。结果:(1)引拍时段三种握拍方式的运动轨迹大致相同,西方式肩关节前屈和旋外的角度、角速度以及腕关节屈曲的角度、角速度相对较大,与东方式和半西方式之间存在显著性差异(p<0.05);动作时间为半西方式>东方式>西方式,球拍拍头速度为西方式>半西方式>东方式,三种握拍方式存在显著性差异(p<0.05);(2)击球时段西方式握拍肩关节的旋内较大,与东方式和半西方式存在显著差异性。东方式的肩关节和腕关节的屈曲、外展较大,与西方式与半西方式存在显著性差异(p<0.05);(3)随挥时段是上肢各关节角速度出现峰值的阶段,峰值出现顺序为肩关节、肘关节、腕关节,出现峰值后各关节角速度逐渐减慢。其中随挥时段东方式握拍速度较慢,与西方式和半西方式存在显著差异(p<0.05)。结论:网球三种握拍方式正手击球时上肢各关节绕轴转动的方向表现为一致性,上肢各关节的活动度和角速度所表现出来的差异,成为影响球拍位移、动作时间和动作速度的重要因素。Objective:In order to normalize technical actions in forehand hit and prevention of sports injuries,the difference of kinematic characteristics of college tennis majors’joints of upper limbs in forehand hit by different grips was discussed.Method:45 volunteers’forehand hit tracks by eastern grip,semi-western grip and western grip were shot by three-dimensional motion capture system,meanwhile angles,angular velocities of the upper limbs and displacement,time and speed of rackets at periods of time of leading racket,hitting the ball and following swing were collected.Result:Firstly,motion tracks are roughly same among the three grips,while the angle,angular velocities of shoulder joint foreword bend and external rotation and bend angle,angular velocities of wrist by western grip are relatively big,which has a significant difference among with the eastern grip and semi-western grip(p<0.05).Motion time follows semi-western,eastern and western in turn,while racket head speed follows in the order of western,semi-western and eastern.There is a significant difference among the three grips(p<0.05).Secondly,at the phase of hitting,the internal rotation angle of the shoulder joint by western grip is rather big,which has a significant difference among the eastern and semi-western;bent and external rotation angle of the shoulder and wrist joints by the eastern grip is rather big,which has a significant difference among the western and semi-western grips(p<0.05).Thirdly,the phase of following swing is the time of angular velocity peak of the upper limbs,and the order follows as the should joint,elbow joint and wrist joint.After the angular velocity peak,the upper limbs angular velocity gradually slowed down.Meanwhile,the eastern grip following swing speed is rather slow,which has a significant difference among the western and semi-western(p<0.05).Conclusion:In the three grips,the directions of the upper limb rotation in forehand hit are inconsistent.The difference of the upper limbs action angle and angular velocity are th

关 键 词：网球专项大学生 握拍方式 正手击球 运动学特征 

分 类 号：G845[文化科学—体育训练]