养殖场的蝇类危害及防控方法  

Harms of flies in livestock breeding farms and control methods

作　　者：孙雪峰 李巧丽 刘希望[2] 李剑勇[2] 杨亚军[2] SUN Xuefeng;LI Qiaoli;LIU Xiwang;LI Jianyong;YANG Yajun(Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou Henan 450002,China;Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS,Lanzhou Gansu 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院动物免疫学重点实验室,河南郑州450002 [2]中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所农业农村部兽用药物创制重点实验室甘肃省新兽药工程重点实验室,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《中兽医医药杂志》2024年第1期82-86,共5页Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：甘肃省重点研发计划(21YF5NA142)。

摘　　要：蝇类是重要的病媒昆虫,其幼虫可在养殖场的粪便及未经处理的动物尸体中大量孳生。圈舍内的大量蝇虫可通过影响畜禽休息和吸食血液等方式袭扰牲畜,降低其生产性能。更重要的是,蝇类的体表和体内可携带大量致病菌、病毒、寄生虫及虫卵等病原体;蝇虫具有边食、边吐、边排的习性,可机械性地传播各种病原体,是很多疾病的重要媒介。另外,一些蝇类的幼虫本身就是蝇蛆症的病原。因此,种群数量不受控制的蝇类可对畜禽和人类的健康造成严重威胁。养殖场蝇类的综合防控措施包括环境治理、化学防治、生物防治、物理或机械防治等。口服抗蝇蛆药是化学防治的一种,该类药物为昆虫生长调节剂,对畜禽毒性较低,混饲给药后在肠道吸收极少,随粪便排出,可阻断粪便中蝇蛆的发育而减少成蝇的数量。目前,常用的畜禽口服抗蝇蛆药有环丙氨嗪、除虫脲。本文综述了蝇类害虫的主要生物学习性、对养殖业的危害、综合防控措施以及口服抗蝇蛆药的应用情况,以期为养殖业的蝇害综合防控提供帮助,为口服抗蝇蛆药的开发提供参考。The flies,which can propagate in large numbers in feces and untreated animal corpse of livestock breeding farms,are important pathophorous vectors for diseases.A large number of flies in stables can reduce the livestock production performance through disturbing the rest and sucking blood of animals.And more importantly,there are lots of pathogenic bacteria,viruses,parasites and their eggs in the surface and body of flies.Flies have the habit of eating,spitting and excreting at the same time.So the flies are considered as the important vectors for many diseases outbreak as they can mechanically spread various pathogens.In addition,the larvae of some flies are pathogene of livestock myiasis.Therefore,the uncontrolled populations of flies can threaten the health of livestock and humans.The methods to control flies contain environmental,chemical,biological and physical or mechanical.Oral administration pesticides for fly larvae belong to chemical control,most of them are insect growth regulators with low toxicity to livestock and poultry.After mixed feeding,the pesticides are absorbed very little in the intestine and excreted with feces.The pesticides of feces can block the development of flies’larvae and reduce the number of flies.Nowadays,the commonly used oral administration pesticides for fly larvae in livestock breeding farms are cyromazine and diflubenzuron.The main biological characteristics of flies,harms to livestock,control methods and the application of oral administration pesticides for fly larvae were introduced in this paper.The paper will provide some helps for fly integrated control in animal husbandry,and might provide some references for development of oral administration pesticides for fly larvae.

关 键 词：养殖场 蝇类 危害 防控 口服杀蝇蛆药 

分 类 号：S851.2[农业科学—预防兽医学]