不同结构参数对高速开关阀液压力的影响研究  

Influence of different structural parameters on the hydraulic pressure of high-speed switching valves

作　　者：赵才虎 陈誉 朱天龙 孙宝林 张晋[2] ZHAO Caihu;CHEN Yu;ZHU Tianlong;SUN Baolin;ZHANG Jin(School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing Institute of Technology,Nanjing 211167,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao 066004,China;Haitian Plastics Machinery Group Co.,Ltd.,Ningbo 315823,China)

机构地区：[1]南京工程学院机械工程学院,江苏南京211167 [2]燕山大学机械工程学院,河北秦皇岛066004 [3]海天塑机集团有限公司,浙江宁波315823

出　　处：《机电工程》2024年第1期33-42,共10页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52275068);河北省高层次人才项目(B2022003022);南京工程学院高层次引进人才科研启动基金资助项目(YKJ202131)。

摘　　要：因其具有价格低廉、抗污染性强等优点,高速开关阀已被广泛运用到各种车辆的制动系统中,其动态性能直接影响到车辆的制动效果,而阀芯所受的液压力是决定高速开关阀动态特性优劣的关键参数。针对不同参数对高速开关阀液压力的影响,以及实际工程中阀芯液压力难以测量的问题,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)对高速开关阀进行了数值模拟。首先,基于有限体积法(FVM),建立了不同开度、压差、温度、以及结构参数(阀座节流孔直径和锥角)的三维仿真模型;然后,对比不同网格数量的仿真结果,排除了网格数量对于仿真结果的影响,并详细分析了各参数对液压力的影响,得出了高速开关阀液压力与各参数之间的变化规律;最后,采用响应面分析结合遗传算法对开关阀的结构参数进行了优化。研究结果表明:随着阀芯开度的增加,节流区域发生了转变;较大的压差会导致液压力产生较大幅度的变化;相较于高温,低温对液压力有着更加显著的影响;对结构参数进行优化后,最小开度的液压力提高了49.2%,提高了阀控制稳定性,为高速开关阀线性控制设计提供了理论基础。High-speed switching valves are widely used in various vehicle braking systems due to their low cost and strong resistance to pollution.Their dynamic performance directly affects the braking effect of the vehicle,and the hydraulic pressure on the valve core is a key parameter determining the dynamic characteristics of the high-speed switching valve.To investigate the effects of different parameters on the hydraulic pressure of high-speed switching valves,as well as the challenge of measuring the hydraulic pressure at the valve core in practical engineering,computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations were conducted.Firstly,a three-dimensional simulation model was established based on the finite volume method(FVM),considering different valve openings,pressure differentials,temperatures,and structural parameters(such as seat orifice diameter and cone angle).Then,the simulation results were compared for different mesh quantities to eliminate the influence of mesh quantity on the results.The impact of each parameter on the hydraulic pressure was analyzed in detail,revealing the relationship between hydraulic pressure and the various parameters of high-speed switching valves.Finally,response surface analysis combined with the genetic algorithm was employed to optimize the structural parameters.The research results show that the flow regime in the valve changes as the valve core opening increased.A larger pressure differential causes a significant variation in hydraulic pressure.Low temperature has a more pronounced effect on hydraulic pressure compared with high temperature.Through the optimization of structural parameters,the hydraulic pressure at the minimum opening is increased by 49.2%,improving the control stability of the valve and providing a theoretical foundation for the design of linear control systems for high-speed switching valves.

关 键 词：液压控制阀 阀芯液压力 数值特性 结构优化 计算流体动力学 有限体积法 试验设计 响应面分析 

分 类 号：TH137.52[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]