论《公司法》的法典化:由碎片化走向体系化的思考  

On the Codification of the New Companies Act:Reflections on the Move from Fragmentation to Systematization

作　　者：刘俊海[1] Liu Junhai

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2024年第1期15-33,共19页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：全国人大常委会法工委2019年度重点课题(2019K20205)“公司法修改研究”;全国工商联2023年度委托课题(2023K20237)“法治民企研究”。

摘　　要：法典化是公司法现代化的必由之路,其核心是从碎片化走向体系化。核心价值体系缺失或破碎是最大的法律漏洞,也是行为失序与裁判失灵之源。确立四大核心价值体系是公司法走向体系化的第一步。国家有义务促进公司利益共同体的持续繁荣,推动公司、股东、债权人与利益相关者多赢共享。建议采用统一的“公司”概念,打造普惠型一般公司法,并为特殊类型公司定制个性化规则。在保护债权人的前提下,法律应合理包容中小微公司治理的灵活性缺陷。上市公司规则应升级为公众公司规则。要允许股权自由流通的有限公司公开挂牌交易。建议落实股东中心主义价值观,理顺公司决议权与代表权之间的源流关系。建议将《民法典》第61条第1款纳入《公司法》三审稿第11条。建议整合职工参与公司治理制度。人合性应回归公司自治。建议将实控人纳入法定必要登记事项与揭开公司面纱规则中的责任人。建议细化独立董事共同而有区别的法律责任,确认独立董事有限责任原则。公司有权自主设管理层职位。建议导入公司集团制度,破解一仆两主困境,承认法人董事,明确股权间接转让规则。Codification is the only way to modernize company law,and its core is to move from fragmentation to system-atization.The absence or fragmentation of the core value system is the biggest legal loophole,and it is also the source of disorderly behavior and judicial failure.The establishment of the four core value systems is the first step towards the system-atization of company law.The state is obligated to promote the sustainable prosperity of the corporate interest community and promote win-win sharing among the company,shareholders,creditors and stakeholders.An inclusive and general'company law"based on unified concept of company is recommended,while personalized rules for special types of compa-nies should be tailor made.Under the premise of protecting creditors,the law should reasonably accommodate the flexible governance deficiencies of micro,small and medium-sized firms.The rules for listed companies should be updated to cov-er all public companies.Limited companies with freely tradable shares should be allowed to be publicly listed for trading.It is recommended to implement the values of shareholder-primacy and straighten out the relationship between corporate reso-lution power and representative power.Paragraph 1 of Article 61 of the Civil Code should be included in Article 11 of the Third Draft of Corporate Law.Employee representation on corporate governance system should be encouraged.Amicability should return to corporate autonomy.Actual controller should be included in the mandatory registration matters and subject to the rules for lifting corporate veil.It is recommended to refine the common and differentiated liabilities of independent di-rectors and establish the principle of limited liability of independent directors.Companies may freely create their senior ex-ecutive positions.The corporate group system should be introduced to solve the dilemma of one servant for two masters,recognize legal person directors,clarify the rules for indirect transfer of shares.

关 键 词：公司法核心价值 公司生存权 股权文化 债权人保护 公司社会责任 

分 类 号：D922.291.9[政治法律—经济法学]