电信网络诈骗涉案资金紧急止付的双重逻辑  

The Dual Logic of Emergency Stop Payment of Funds Involved in Telecommunications Network Fraud

作　　者：陈如超[1] Chen Ruchao

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学刑事侦查学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2024年第1期124-134,共11页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：重庆市新型犯罪研究中心2023年度项目(23XXFZJ03)“电信网络诈骗犯罪涉案资金紧急止付及其制度完善”;重庆市科学技术局2022年度重点项目(CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0107)“电信网络诈骗犯罪侦防关键技术研究”。

摘　　要：根据现有相关规定,公安机关应在接报案之际就对电信网络诈骗涉案资金进行紧急止付。紧急止付把公安机关“先立案一再冻结”的挽损旧模式,改造成“先止付一后立案一再冻结”的挽损新模式,形成“止付一冻结”的递进联动机制。但当前公安机关的紧急止付面临双重难题:实践层面止付成功率偏低;制度层面止付正当性不足。基于保护被害人财产权的效率逻辑,公安机关的紧急止付机制函需改进,止付功能应从事后为被害人及时挽损扩大到事前阻止被害人转账,止付对象应从涉案账户扩大到被害人持有账户。基于法律保留原则以及权力控制、权利保障等正当性逻辑,立法应从止付条件、止付对象与止付程序等结构要素方面改造紧急止付制度。此外,随着信息网络社会财产转移方式的选代更新,适用于电信网络诈骗案件中的紧急止付,应当制度化为一类独立的行政强制措施,进而扩大适用到其他类似案件。According to the current relevant regulations,the public security authority should emergently stop payment of funds involved in telecom and online fraud when receiving the report.Emergency payment suspension has transformed the old model of"filing a case first,then freezing"by the public security authority into a new model of"stopping payment first,then filing a case,then freezing",forming a progressive linkage mechanism of""stop payment-freezing".However,the current emergency payment suspension faces dual challenges:the success rate of payment suspension in practice is rela-tively low;Insufficient legitimacy of emergency payment suspension at the institutional level.Based on the efficiency logic of protecting the property right of victim,the Emergency payment suspension mechanism of public security authority urgent-ly needs to be broken through,The emergency payment suspension function should be expanded from timely recovery of los-ses for victims to preventing victims from transferring funds in advance,The object of payment suspension should be expand-ed from the involved account to the account held by the victim.Based on the principle of legal reservation and the legitima-cy logic of power control and rights protection,legislation should reform the emergency payment suspension system from the structural elements of stop payment conditions,stop payment objects,and stop payment procedures.In addition,with the iterative updating of social property transfer mode of information network,the emergency payment suspension applicable to telecom Internet fraud cases should be institutionalized as a kind of independent administrative coercive measures,and then extended to other similar cases.

关 键 词：电信网络诈骗 涉案资金 公安机关 紧急止付 效率逻辑 正当性逻辑 

分 类 号：D924.8[政治法律—刑法学]