我国公司法设置董事对第三人承担民事责任的三重思考  

China's Company Law to Set the Director of the Civil Liability to Third Parties of the Triple Thinking

作　　者：郭富青 Guo Fuqing

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学民商法学院,陕西西安710063

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2024年第1期155-166,共12页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：《公司法》是否应设置董事对第三人的民事责任,如何进行制度建构,是本次修订争论的焦点。囿于传统法人机关内部责任理论,我国立法长期缺乏董事对第三人责任的一般规则,事实上董事对第三人的民事责任是兼有行为法与组织法的法定责任。确立该责任,既要洞悉董事同时承载法人与个人双重人格的实质,又要看到董事控制公司与第三人形成信义义务关系的事实。我国在当前背景下增设董事对第三人民事责任的一般规则,虽然符合优化公司治理的现实需要,但也存在排斥该规则的不利因素,立法须考虑其生成机制和运作环境。对《公司法》新增董事对第三人民事责任条款的构成要件须经由类型化而准确把握,揭示对第三人双重责任保护结构之间的依附关系。该条嵌入公司法体系必须与其他相关规范相互兼容、和谐统一、避免法律冲突,才能充分发挥立法的预设功能。Whether the Company Law sets the civil liability of the director to the third party and how to construct the system are the focus of the debate in this revision.Due to the limitation of the internal liability theory of traditional legal body,our legislation lacks the general rule of director's liability to the third party,which is already out of date.The direc-tor's civil liability to the third party is the statutory responsibility of both the behavior law and the organic law.To establish this responsibility,we should not only understand the essence of the dual personality of the director bearing both the legal person and the individual,but also see the fact that the director controls the company and forms a fiduciary obligation rela-tionship with the third party,so as to carry out theoretical innovation for improving the law.Under the current background,China newly adds the general rule of director's civil liability to the third party,which is in line with practical requirements for optimizing corporate governance,but there are adverse factors excluding this rule.The legislation must consider its for-mation mechanism and operation environment.The constitutive elements of the new article of civil liability of the director to the third party in the Company Law,it must be accurately comprehended by categorization to reveal the dependency rela-tionship in the protection structure of the third party's double liability.This article embedded in the corporate law system must be compatible with other relevant norms,harmonious unity,avoid legal conflicts,in order to give full play to the pre-set function of legislation.

关 键 词：董事 第三人民事责任 执行职务 故意 重大过失 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]