岩溶地貌流域洪水过程模拟研究  

Flood Process Simulation in a Karst Landform Watershed

作　　者：任泽凌 夏栩[2] 段雅楠 孙润泽 陈云瑶 李彬权[1,4] REN Zeling;XIA Xu;DUAN Ya'nan;SUN Runze;CHEN Yunyao;LI Binquan(College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau of Jiangsu Province Nantong Branch,Nantong 226006,China;College of Computer Science and Technology,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Security and Water Science,Nanjing 210024,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏南京210098 [2]江苏省水文水资源勘测局南通分局,江苏南通226006 [3]贵州大学计算机科学与技术学院,贵州贵阳550025 [4]水安全与水科学协同创新中心,江苏南京210024

出　　处：《水文》2023年第6期45-50,共6页Journal of China Hydrology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41877147,41730750)。

摘　　要：岩溶地貌对流域产汇流过程产生扰动作用,导致洪水预报精度普遍不高。建立以岩溶单元持水能力分布曲线为核心的岩溶水文模块,将岩溶区产流划分为快速岩溶水与慢速岩溶水,分别进行汇流计算进入河网;耦合三水源新安江模型,建成适用于岩溶地貌下垫面条件的洪水预报模型。选择贵州省三岔河阳长水文站以上流域为研究区,划分子流域单元,检验模型在场次洪水过程模拟中的应用效果。结果表明,利用新安江岩溶模型模拟的20场洪水中,有16场洪水满足洪峰、洪量和峰现时间预报许可误差要求,合格率达80%,平均确定性系数0.68;与原新安江模型相比,考虑岩溶条件影响的改进模型对场次洪水过程模拟的精度更优。Karst landform has a disturbance effect on the process of runoff generation and flow concentration,resulting in gener-ally low accuracy of flood forecasting.The karst hydrological model was established based on the distribution curve of water hold-ing capacity of karst units.The runoff generation in karst area was divided into fast karst flow and slow karst flow,and the flow concentration calculation was carried out to enter the river network respectively.Coupled with the three-water sources Xin'anjang model,a flood forecast model that was suitable for the underlying surface conditions of karst landform was established.The water-shed above Yangchang hydrological station of Sancha River in Guizhou province was selected as the study area,and the sub-watershed units were divided to test the application effect of the model in the simulation of the flood processes.The results show that among the 20 floods simulated by the Xin'anjiang karst model,16 floods meet the allowable error requirements of flood peak,flood volume and peak occurrence time forecast,with the qualified rate reaching 80%and the average deterministic coeffi-cient being O.68.Compared with the original Xin'anjiang model,the improved model considering the influence of karst conditions has better accuracy for the simulation of the flood processes.

关 键 词：岩溶流域 新安江岩溶模型 岩溶持水能力 洪水模拟 

分 类 号：P33[天文地球—水文科学] TV11[水利工程—水文学及水资源]