黄河上游水库蒸发损失估算  

Estimation of Evaporation Losses from Reservoirs in the Upper Yellow River

作　　者：白鹏[1] 蔡常鑫 刘小莽[1] 田巍 刘璐[1] BAI Peng;CAI Changxin;LIU Xiaomang;TIAN Wei;LIU Lu(Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Process,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;China South-to-North Water Diversion Corporation Limited,Beijing 100142,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国南水北调集团有限公司,北京100142

出　　处：《水文》2023年第6期86-90,110,共6页Journal of China Hydrology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFC3201204);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42271033,51979263)。

摘　　要：水面蒸发是水库水量损失的主要方式之一,水库蒸发损失的准确估算对于流域水资源管理至关重要。本文基于Penman模型和全球水库水面面积变化数据集估算了黄河上游大中型水库1985-2018年水面蒸发损失量。结果表明:黄河上游大中型水库水面面积以10.1 km^(2)/年的速率显著增加,总蒸发损失量以0.07亿m^(3)/年呈显著增加趋势;水面面积的增加是导致水库蒸发损失增加的主要因素。水库蒸发损失占黄河上游(兰州站)年径流的比例为0.27%~1.64%,多年平均值为1.05%。研究结果可为黄河流域的水资源规划与管理提供参考。Evaporation is one of the main ways for reservoirs to lose water.Accurate estimation of evaporation losses in reservoirs is essential for water resources management.Based on the Penman model and a dataset of global reservoir surface area,this study estimated the evaporation losses of 13 large and medium-sized reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yellow River from 1985 to 2018.The results show that the water surface area of reservoirs increased significantly(p<0.05)from 1985 to 2018,with a rate of 10.1 km^(2)/year.Total evaporation losses also increase significantly(p<0.05),with a rate of 7.0×10^(-3)km^(3)/year,and the largest loss occurred in 2016,with a value of 0.403 km'.The increase of water surface area is the main reason for the increase of evaporation losses.Evaporation losses from reservoirs account for 0.27%-1.64%of the annual runoff in the upper reaches of the Yellow River(Lanzhou station),with a multi-year average of 1.05%.This study may provide helpful information for water resources management in the Yellow River Basin.

关 键 词：黄河上游 水库 蒸发损失 水面蒸发 

分 类 号：P462[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]