拉萨河流域水沙过程模拟及对植被覆盖和气候变化的响应  

The Simulation of Runoff and Sediment Transport and Their Responses to the Climate Change and Vegetation Cover

作　　者：王兆来 谷黄河 王晓燕[1,2] 代斌 张瀚文[3] 付晓雷 余钟波 WANG Zhaolai;GU Huanghe;WANG Xiaoyan;DAI Bin;ZHANG Hanwen;FU Xiaolei;YU Zhongbo(State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Shanghai Investigation Design&Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200335,China;College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210098 [2]河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏南京210098 [3]上海勘测设计研究院有限公司,上海200335 [4]扬州大学水利科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《水文》2023年第6期91-96,共6页Journal of China Hydrology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42271020,42277074);中央高校基本科研业务费(B210202002);水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室专项经费(521013122,2021490611,2020490611)。

摘　　要：针对青藏高原日趋严重的水土流失现象,以位于青藏高原中南部的拉萨河流域为研究区域,通过搭建流域月尺度SWAT模型,探究植被覆盖和气候变化对流域水沙演变的影响。主要结论如下:(1)SWAT模型适用于拉萨河流域水沙模拟。(2)1991-2010年植被覆盖整体上呈退化趋势,植被覆盖变化对年径流变化的影响较弱,而流域输沙量对植被覆盖变化的敏感程度较显著,尤其在极端恶劣植被覆盖情景下,流域年均输沙量增加约70.15%。(3)气温升高2℃时,降水变化率每增加10%,年径流和年输沙量变化率则分别增加16.01%和28.70%。不同气候变化情景下,输沙量和径流的变化趋势并非总是完全一致。This paper aims to investigate the influence of the change in climate and vegetation cover on runoff and sediment dis-charge based on SWAT hydrological model in the Lhasa River Basin,which is located in Tibet Plateau characterized by serious soil erosion.The main findings are:(1)The SWAT model is applicable to the simulation of monthly runoff and sediment dis-charge in the study area during the historical period.(2)The vegetation degradation is detected during 1990-2010;the change in vegetation cover shows greater influence on the sediment discharge than the annual runoff.Particularly under the scenario of seri-ous vegetation degradation,the annual mean sediment discharge could increase by 70.15%.(3)For 2 C increment in temperature and every 10% increment in precipitation,water and sediment discharge grow by about 16.01% and 28.70%,respectively.The variation trend in the mean runoff is not always in accord with the mean sediment discharge under different climate scenarios.

关 键 词：SWAT模型 拉萨河流域 水沙模拟 植被覆盖类型 气候变化 

分 类 号：P33[天文地球—水文科学] TV11[水利工程—水文学及水资源]