河套灌区地表水污染溯源分析  

Traceability Analysis of Pollution Load in Surface Water of Hetao Irrigation District

作　　者：姜泉良 赵成如 王媛媛 刘昕 张凯[1] 王晓[1] 黄龙涛 夏瑞[1] 贾晓波[1] 后希康 JIANG Quanliang;ZHAO Chengru;WANG Yuanyuan;LIU Xin;ZHANG Kai;WANG Xiao;HUANG Longtao;XIA Rui;JIA Xiaobo;HOU Xikang(Laboratory of Aquatic Ecological Conservation and Restoration,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Bayannaoer Ecological-Environment Career Development Center,Bureau 015000,China;School of Environment and Surveying Engineering,Suzhou University,Suzhou 234000,China;Nanjing Institute of Geography&Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院水生态保护修复研究室,北京100012 [2]巴彦淖尔市生态环境事业发展中心,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015000 [3]宿州学院环境与测绘工程学院,安徽宿州234000 [4]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,江苏南京210000

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第1期92-101,共10页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2021YFC3201500);黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展联合研究项目(No.2022-YRUC-01-050205-01);宿州学院高层次人才引进项目(No.2020BS021)。

摘　　要：针对河套灌区地表水污染来源不清、贡献不明的问题,本文基于9个监测断面月度水质数据,分析灌区地表水环境特征,引用正定矩阵因子分析模型解析污染来源及其空间差异性.结果表明:(1)有机污染指标(COD_(Mn)、COD、BOD_(5))和总氮是河套灌区的主要超标因子,总氮指标低于GB 3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类标准的样品数量占比超过67%,整体来说支排干水质差于总排干.其中,七排干入总排干口污染最重,COD_(Mn)与总磷浓度分别超GB 3838-2002Ⅲ类水质标准限值的109%和160%;其次是五排干入总排干口和三排干入总排干口.(2)散养畜禽粪污和秸秆还田以及生产生活污水输入分别是河套灌区地表水有机污染和氮的主要来源,贡献率分别达56.22%和47.82%.(3)河套灌区地表水污染来源具有明显的空间异质性,种植业磷肥输入是影响二排干、三排干和总排干上游水质的主要因素,生产和生活污水输入是影响五排干、七排干和总排干下游水质的主要因素.本文依托监测断面常规监测指标结合数学模型方法,实现了对河套灌区沟渠系统地表水污染的定量溯源,并分析了各监控断面的主要污染风险.To investigate surface water pollution sources of Hetao Irrigation District,based on monthly monitoring water quality data matrixes at 9 sites,this study analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of water quality.Based on positive definite matrix factor sub analysis model to analyze the pollution sources and determine the spatial differences of the main final sources of pollution.Based on different types of pollution indicators,the contribution rate of each pollution source was quantified and analyzed.The results show that:(1)The main pollution indexes in the Hetao Irrigation District were organic pollution indexes(COD_(Mn),COD and BOD_(5))and TN.The proportion of samples with TN below the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water(GB 3838-2002)Ⅲexceeded 67%.In general,the pollution risk of branch drainage water is higher.The seventh drainage ditch had the highest concentration of pollutants,followed by the fifth and third drainage ditches.At the monitoring section of the seventh drainage ditch,COD_(Mn)and total phosphorus exceeded 109%and 160%of the GB 3838-2002Ⅲ.(2)The main sources of organic pollution and nitrogen were waste pollution from free-range livestock and poultry,straw returning to fields,and the discharge of production and domestic sewage.The contribution rates reached 56.22%and 47.82%,respectively.(3)The sources of surface water pollution in Hetao Irrigation District area are spatial heterogeneities.The input of phosphorus fertilizer in cropland is the main factor affecting the water quality of the second and the third drainage ditches and the upper reaches of main drainages.The input of production and domestic sewage is the main factor affecting the water quality of the fifth and the seventh drainage ditches and the lower reaches of main drainages.Based on the conventional monitoring indicators of the monitoring section and the mathematical model method,this study preliminarily realized the quantitative traceability of the surface water pollution of the ditch system in Hetao Irri

关 键 词：河套灌区 污染源解析 正定矩阵因子分析 河流 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]